Hepatocellular adenoma (patient information)
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Hepatocellular adenoma |
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Hepatocellular adenoma On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Hepatocellular adenoma |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nawal Muazam M.D.[2]
Overview
What are the symptoms of Hepatocellular adenoma?
Small hepatocellular adenomas are generally asymptomatic.[1][2][3]
- Abdominal pain is the most common presenting symptom in some patients, and the pain is usually related to tumoral hemorrhage.
- Right upper quadrant abdominal fullness or discomfort is present in 40% of cases due to mass effect.
- Eventually, spontaneous rupture or hemorrhage may occur, leading to acute abdominal pain with progression to hypotension and even death.
- Patients with hepatocellular adenomas typically have a history of oral contraceptive use (females) and long term anabolic steroids use (males).[4][5]
What causes Hepatocellular adenoma?
- The causes of hepatocellular adenoma include;[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]
- Oral contraceptive medications
- The causal relationship is proportional to the hormonal dose and duration of medication, highest in women over 30 years of age and after 24 months of using oral contraceptives.
- Pregnancy
- Glycogen storage disease types I,II and IV
- Long term use of anabolic androgenic steroids
- Metabolic syndrome
- Maturity onset diabetes of young (MODY)
- Obesity
- Clomiphene
- Familial adenomatous polyposis
- Vascular disorders such as portal vein agenesis, Budd-Chiari syndrome and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
- Oral contraceptive medications
Who is at highest risk?
Diagnosis
When to seek urgent medical care?
Treatment options
Where to find medical care for Hepatocellular adenoma?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Hepatocellular adenoma
Prevention of Hepatocellular adenoma
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Possible complications
Source
- ↑ Agrawal, Shefali; Agarwal, Sheela; Arnason, Thomas; Saini, Sanjay; Belghiti, Jacques (2015). "Management of Hepatocellular Adenoma: Recent Advances". Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 13 (7): 1221–1230. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2014.05.023. ISSN 1542-3565.
- ↑ Massimo Roncalli, Amedeo Sciarra & Luca Di Tommaso (2016). "Benign hepatocellular nodules of healthy liver: focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma". Clinical and molecular hepatology. 22 (2): 199–211. doi:10.3350/cmh.2016.0101. PMID 27189732. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ David Q. Wang, Laurie M. Fiske, Caroline T. Carreras & David A. Weinstein (2011). "Natural history of hepatocellular adenoma formation in glycogen storage disease type I". The Journal of pediatrics. 159 (3): 442–446. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.02.031. PMID 21481415. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Barthelmes L, Tait IS (2005). "Liver cell adenoma and liver cell adenomatosis". HPB (Oxford). 7 (3): 186–96. doi:10.1080/13651820510028954. PMC 2023950. PMID 18333188.
- ↑ Introduction. Hindawi(2015). http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijh/2013/374170. Accessed on November 2, 2015
- ↑ M. Kawakatsu, V. Vilgrain, S. Erlinger & H. Nahum (1997). "Disappearance of liver cell adenoma: CT and MR imaging". Abdominal imaging. 22 (3): 274–276. PMID 9107649. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ W. H. Marks, N. Thompson & H. Appleman (1988). "Failure of hepatic adenomas (HCA) to regress after discontinuance of oral contraceptives. An association with focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and uterine leiomyoma". Annals of surgery. 208 (2): 190–195. PMID 2840865. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)</ref<ref>H. Tesluk & J. Lawrie (1981). "Hepatocellular adenoma. Its transformation to carcinoma in a user of oral contraceptives". Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine. 105 (6): 296–299. PMID 6263214. Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ↑ D. Carrasco, M. Barrachina, M. Prieto & J. Berenguer (1984). "Clomiphene citrate and liver-cell adenoma". The New England journal of medicine. 310 (17): 1120–1121. doi:10.1056/NEJM198404263101716. PMID 6323982. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ G. B. Coombes, J. Reiser, F. J. Paradinas & I. Burn (1978). "An androgen-associated hepatic adenoma in a trans-sexual". The British journal of surgery. 65 (12): 869–870. PMID 737424. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ U. Beuers, W. O. Richter, M. M. Ritter, B. Wiebecke & P. Schwandt (1991). "Klinefelter's syndrome and liver adenoma". Journal of clinical gastroenterology. 13 (2): 214–216. PMID 1851773. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ N. S. Alshak, J. Cocjin, L. Podesta, R. van de Velde, L. Makowka, P. Rosenthal & S. A. Geller (1994). "Hepatocellular adenoma in glycogen storage disease type IV". Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine. 118 (1): 88–91. PMID 8285839. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ P. Labrune, P. Trioche, I. Duvaltier, P. Chevalier & M. Odievre (1997). "Hepatocellular adenomas in glycogen storage disease type I and III: a series of 43 patients and review of the literature". Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 24 (3): 276–279. PMID 9138172. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ S. Bala, P. H. Wunsch & W. G. Ballhausen (1997). "Childhood hepatocellular adenoma in familial adenomatous polyposis: mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli gene and p53". Gastroenterology. 112 (3): 919–922. PMID 9041254. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ J. K. Baum, J. J. Bookstein, F. Holtz & E. W. Klein (1973). "Possible association between benign hepatomas and oral contraceptives". Lancet (London, England). 2 (7835): 926–929. PMID 4126557. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)