Chronic lymphocytic leukemia history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]

Overview

25-50% patients of chronic lymphocytic leukemia are usually asymptomatic with incidental absolute lymphocytosis finding on a routine blood examination. The onset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is insidious and can present with wide range of symptoms. Symptoms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia include lymph node swelling and B symptoms including fever, weight loss, night sweats, fatigue and recurrent bleeding.

History

• When evaluating a patient for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a clinician should take a detailed history of the presenting symptom (duration, onset, progression), other associated symptoms, and a thorough medication review. Other specific areas of focus when obtaining the history are outlined below:
  • Review family history for members with positive history of the disease
  • Review occupational history related to farming
  • Review any exposure to herbicides or insecticides

Symptoms

• Symptoms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia include:

• Painless lymph node enlargement (50-90%)
• Splenomegaly (25 -55%)
• Hepatomegaly (15-25%)
• B sypmtpms (5-10%)
  • Fever
  • Unintentional weight loss
  • Muscle wasting
  • Generalized weakness/ Fatigue
  • Anorexia
  • Night sweats
• Recurrent infections
• Recurrent bleeding
• Skin lesions (leukemia cutis)

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