Basal cell carcinoma staging
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.
Overview
The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages basal cell carcinoma based on the TNM system. T, M, and N are combined into stages, called stage grouping.
Basal Cell Carcinoma Staging
The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages basal cell carcinoma based on the TNM system:
T - tumor
N - lymph nodes
M - metastasis
The following table summarizes the T categories:
| T Categories | Description |
| TX | Primary tumor cannot be identified |
| Tis | Carcinoma in situ |
| T1 | Tumor ≤2 cm in greatest dimension |
| T2 | Tumor >2 cm, but ≤4 cm in greatest dimension |
| T3 | Tumor >4 cm in maximum dimension or minor bone erosion or perineural invasion or deep invasion |
| T4 | Tumor with gross cortical bone/marrow, skull base invasion and/or skull base foramen invasion |
| T4a | Tumor with gross cortical bone/marrow invasion |
| T4b | Tumor with skull base invasion and/or skull base foramen involvement |
The following table summarizes the N categories:
| N categories | Description |
| NX | Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed |
| N0 | No regional lymph node metastasis |
| N1 | Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, ≤3 cm in greatest dimension and ENE negative |
| N2a | Metastasis in single ipsilateral node ≤3 cm in greatest dimension and ENE positive; or a single ipsilateral node >3 cm but ≤6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE negative. |
| N2b | Metastasis in multiple ipsilateral nodes, none >6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE negative. |
| N2c | The tumor has spread to > 1 lymph node on the other side of the body as the main tumor AND is ≤ 6 cm across |
| N3 | The tumor has spread to any nearby lymph node AND is > 6 cm across |
The following table summarizes the M categories:
| M categories | Description |
| M0 | The tumor has not spread to distant organs |
| M1 | The tumor has spread to distant organs |
The T, N, and M categories are combined into stages. The following table summarizes the stage grouping.
| Stage | TNM Grouping |
| 0 | Tis, N0, M0 |
| I | T1, N0, M0 |
| II | T2, N0, M0 |
| III | T3, N0, M0; T1-T3, N1, M0 |
| IV | T1-T3, N2, M0; Any T, N3, M0; T4, any N, M0; Any T, any N, M1 |