Craniopharyngioma natural history, complication and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Marjan Khan M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
If left untreated, majority of patients with craniopharyngioma may progress to develop increased intracranial pressure, blindness and endocrine abnormalities. The prognosis of craniopharyngioma is good with treatment. The 5-year and 10-year survival rates are higher than 90%.
Natural History
- Craniopharyngiomas are slow growing tumors and symptoms often are present for a year or more before the diagnosis is established.[1]
- Untreated patients can have increased intracranial pressure, visual disturbances and endocrine abnormalities.
Complications
A large percentage of patients have long-term hormone, vision, and nervous system problems after craniopharyngioma is treated. When the tumor is not completely removed, the condition may recur.[2]
There are complications caused by the radical surgical treatment of craniopharyngioma:[3]
- Obesity, which can be life-threatening. Hypothalamic-sparing surgical techniques may result in reduced postoperative obesity without an increase in tumor recurrence [4]
- Hormone replacement therapy
- Severe behavioral problems
- Blindness
- Seizures
- Spinal fluid leak
- False aneurysms
- Difficulty with eye movements
- Death from intraoperative hemorrhage, hypothalamic damage, or stroke (rare)
Prognosis
- Craniopharyngioma is a benign tumor, the 5-year and 10-year survival rates, regardless of treatment given, are higher than 90%. [5]
- Patients can have a permanent cure if the tumor can be completely removed with surgery or treated with high doses of radiation.[6]
- The outlook depends on whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery.
- The neurological deficits and hormonal imbalances caused by the tumor and the treatment The patient’s general health
- Recent research has demonstrated malignant tendency of craniopharyngiomas.
- These malignant craniopharyngiomas are very rare, but are associated with poor prognosis.[7]
References
- ↑ Wijnen M, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Janssen J, Catsman-Berrevoets CE, Michiels E, van Veelen-Vincent MC, Dallenga A, van den Berge JH, van Rij CM, van der Lely AJ, Neggers S (June 2017). "Very long-term sequelae of craniopharyngioma". Eur. J. Endocrinol. 176 (6): 755–767. doi:10.1530/EJE-17-0044. PMID 28325825. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
- ↑ Complications of Craniopharyngioma. National library of medicine. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000345.htm
- ↑ Complications. Cancer gov. http://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/child-cranio-treatment-pdq#link/_40_toc
- ↑ Müller HL (June 2014). "Craniopharyngioma". Endocr. Rev. 35 (3): 513–43. doi:10.1210/er.2013-1115. PMID 24467716.
- ↑ Prognosis of Craniopharyngioma. Cancer gov. http://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/child-cranio-treatment-pdq#link/_40_toc
- ↑ Prognosis. National Library of Medicine. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000345.htm
- ↑ Sofela, AA; Hettige, S; Curran, O; Bassi, S (Sep 2014). "Malignant transformation in craniopharyngiomas". Neurosurgery. 75 (3): 306–14, discussion 314. doi:10.1227/NEU.0000000000000380. PMID 24978859.