Ovarian germ cell tumor CT
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]
Overview
There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name].
OR
[Location] CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on CT scan suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
OR
There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name]. However, a CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
It is difficult to distinguish ovarian germ cell tumors on CT alone. Dysgerminoma often appears as multilobulated solid masses with prominent fibrovascular septa while mature ovarian teratoma may demonstrate fat (areas with very low Hounsfield values), fat-fluid level, calcification (sometimes dentiform), Rokitansky protuberance, and tufts of hair.[1][2][3]
CT
CT scan is a sensitive method to daignose mature teratoma. Findings on CT scan suggestive of/diagnostic of mature teratoma include:[4]
- Fat attenuation
- Presence or absence of calcification in the cyst wall
- Gravity dependent layering[5]
- Palm-tree like protrusion
- Fat-fluide levels
- Whenever cauliflower appearance with irregular borders are observed, malignant transformation should be suspected.[5]
OR There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name]. However, a CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include:
- [Complication 1]
- [Complication 2]
- [Complication 3
Dysgerminomas [1]
- Calcification may be present in a speckled pattern. Characteristic imaging findings include multilobulated solid masses with prominent fibrovascular septa
- Post contrast imaging can often show enhancement of the septae
- When ruptured, the characteristic hypoattenuating fatty fluid can be found as antidependent pockets, typically below the right hemidiaphragm, a pathognomonic finding
- The escaped cyst content also leads to a chemical peritonitis and the mesentery may be stranded and the peritoneum thickened, which may mimic peritoneal carcinomatosis
Immature teratoma[3]
- The presence of a prominent solid component containing calcifications and small foci of fat are suggestive
- Cystic components may contain serous, mucinous, or fatty sebaceous material, hemorrhage may be present
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ovarian dysgerminoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ovarian-dysgerminoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015
- ↑ Mature (cystic) ovarian teratoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/mature-cystic-ovarian-teratoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Immature ovarian teratoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/immature-ovarian-teratoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015
- ↑ Outwater EK, Siegelman ES, Hunt JL (2001). "Ovarian teratomas: tumor types and imaging characteristics". Radiographics. 21 (2): 475–90. doi:10.1148/radiographics.21.2.g01mr09475. PMID 11259710.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Saba, Luca; Guerriero, Stefano; Sulcis, Rosa; Virgilio, Bruna; Melis, GianBenedetto; Mallarini, Giorgio (2009). "Mature and immature ovarian teratomas: CT, US and MR imaging characteristics". European Journal of Radiology. 72 (3): 454–463. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.07.044. ISSN 0720-048X.