Ovarian germ cell tumor history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2]
Overview
The clinical manifestations of patients with ovarian germ cell tumors depend on the type of the tumor and its potential to produce hormonal materials. Usually, they present with abdominal pain or distention, menstrual irregularities, symptoms of virilization, rapidly growing abdominal/pelvic mass, acute abdominal pain from complications such as necrosis, capsular distention, rupture or torsion and or simply they can be asymptomatic.
History and Symptoms
The clinical manifestations of patients with ovarian germ cell tumors depend on the type of the tumor and its potential to produce hormonal materials. Usually, they present with abdominal pain or distention, menstrual irregularities, symptoms of virilization, rapidly growing abdominal/pelvic mass, acute abdominal pain from complications such as necrosis, capsular distention, rupture or torsion and or simply they can be asymptomatic.[1]
Mature teratoma
- Approximately 20 % of patients with mature ovarian teratoma are asymptomatic.[2]
- The most common symptom in those who are symptomatic is lower abdominal pain.
- Acute abdominal pain may indicate the tumor is complicated by ovarian torsion or rupture that may happen in 5%-10% and 1%-3% of affected individuals, respectively.
- Torsion usually tends to complicate at a greater extent the intermediate-sized tumors rather than the larger or smaller ones.
- Acute abdominal pain may indicate the tumor is complicated by ovarian torsion or rupture that may happen in 5%-10% and 1%-3% of affected individuals, respectively.
- Very rarely, mature teratoma can manifest with neurologic symptoms due to associated Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Symptoms such as:[3]
- Memory problems
- Psychiatric problems
- Decreased level of consciousness
- Seizure
- Dyskinesia
Dysgerminoma
- The majority of patients with dysgerminoma are symptomatic. symptoms include:[4]
- Abdominal pain
- Adominal/pelvic mass
- Bloating
- Menstrual irregularities
Yolk sac tumor
- The symptoms include abdominal pain/distention or pelvic mass.[5]
- The symptoms tend to occur in a short period of time since the tumor has a rapid rate of growth.
- Amenorrhea is a very rare symptom and is not expected.[6]
Embryonal carcinoma
References
- ↑ Low, Jeffrey J.H.; Ilancheran, Arunachalam; Ng, Joseph S. (2012). "Malignant ovarian germ-cell tumours". Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 26 (3): 347–355. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.01.002. ISSN 1521-6934.
- ↑ Ayhan, Ali; Bukulmez, Orhan; Genc, Cuneyt; Karamursel, Burcu S.; Ayhan, Ayse (2000). "Mature cystic teratomas of the ovary: case series from one institution over 34 years". European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 88 (2): 153–157. doi:10.1016/S0301-2115(99)00141-4. ISSN 0301-2115.
- ↑ Dalmau, Josep; Gleichman, Amy J; Hughes, Ethan G; Rossi, Jeffrey E; Peng, Xiaoyu; Lai, Meizan; Dessain, Scott K; Rosenfeld, Myrna R; Balice-Gordon, Rita; Lynch, David R (2008). "Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies". The Lancet Neurology. 7 (12): 1091–1098. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70224-2. ISSN 1474-4422.
- ↑ Shaaban, Akram M.; Rezvani, Maryam; Elsayes, Khaled M.; Baskin, Henry; Mourad, Amr; Foster, Bryan R.; Jarboe, Elke A.; Menias, Christine O. (2014). "Ovarian Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: Cellular Classification and Clinical and Imaging Features". RadioGraphics. 34 (3): 777–801. doi:10.1148/rg.343130067. ISSN 0271-5333.
- ↑ Gershenson DM, Del Junco G, Herson J, Rutledge FN (February 1983). "Endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary: the M. D. Anderson experience". Obstet Gynecol. 61 (2): 194–202. PMID 6185892.
- ↑ Caserta D, Ralli E, Bordi G, Moscarini M (2013). "An unusual clinical presentation of a pure yolk sac tumor of the ovary: case report". Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 34 (6): 577–9. PMID 24601057.