Ovarian germ cell tumor classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2]

Overview

Ovarian germ cell tumor may be benign or malignant. Each category subclassified to different types based on histologic features.

Classification

Ovarian germ cell tumor may be classified into two subtypes of benign and malignant tumors. Benign tumors are comprised of only teratoma, however, the malignant germ cell tumors may be classified to different types according to the histologic features.

  • Teratoma[1]
    • Mature cystic teratomas (dermoid cysts)
    • Immature teratomas
    • Monodermal teratomas
      • Struma ovarii
      • Carcinoid tumors
      • Neural tumors
  • Dysgerminoma
  • Yolk sac tumor
  • Mixed germ cell tumors
  • Other rare ovarian germ cell tumors
    • Pure embryonal carcinoma
    • Non-gestational choriocarcinoma
    • Pure embryoma

WHO Classification of Ovarian Tumors

WHO classifies ovarian tumors as follows:[2][3][4][5][6][7]

Ovarian Cancer
Epithelial Sex-cord stromal Germ cell Others
  • Serous tumors:
    • Benign (cystadenoma)
    • Borderline tumors (serous borderline tumor)
    • Malignant (serous adenocarcinoma)
  • Mucinous tumors:
    • Benign (cystadenoma)
    • Borderline tumors (mucinous borderline tumor)
    • Malignant (mucinous adenocarcinoma)
  • Endometrioid tumors:
    • Benign (cystadenoma)
    • Borderline tumors (endometrioid borderline tumor)
    • Malignant (endometrioid adenocarcinoma)
  • Clear cell tumors:
    • Benign
    • Borderline tumors
    • Malignant (clear cell adenocarcinoma)
  • Transitional cell tumors:
    • Brenner tumor
    • Brenner tumor of borderline malignancy
    • Malignant Brenner tumor
    • Transitional cell carcinoma (non-Brenner type)
  • Epithelial-stromal:
    • Adenosarcoma
    • Carcinosarcoma (formerly mixed Müllerian tumors)
  • Pure stromal tumors:
    • Fibroma
    • Cellular fibroma
    • Thecoma
    • Luteinized thecoma associated with sclerosing peritonitis
    • Fibrosarcoma
    • Sclerosing stromal tumor
    • Signet-ring stromal tumor
    • Microcystic stromal tumor
    • Leydig cell tumor
    • Steroid cell tumor
    • Steroid cell tumor, malignant
  • Pure sex cord tumors:
    • Adult granulosa cell tumor
    • Juvenile granulosa cell tumor
    • Sertoli cell tumor
    • Sex cord tumor with annular tubules
  • Mixed sex cord-stromal tumors
    • Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors
      • - Well-differentiated
      • - Moderately differentiated with heterologous elements
      • - Poorly differentiated with heterologous elements
      • - Retiform with heterologous elements
    • Sex cord-stromal tumours, NOS*
  • Teratoma
    • Immature
    • Mature
    • Solid
    • Cystic (dermoid cyst)
  • Dysgerminoma
  • Endometrial Sinus tumors
  • Embryonal carcinoma
  • Polyembryoma
  • Choriocarcinoma
  • Mixed germ cell tumors tumors
  • Gonadoblastoma
  • Germ cell sex cord-stromal tumor of nongonadoblastoma type
  • Tumors of rete ovarii
  • Mesothelial tumors
  • Tumors of uncertain origin and miscellaneous tumors
  • Gestational trophoblastic diseases
  • Soft tissue tumors not specific to ovary
  • Malignant lymphomas leukemias, and plasmacytomas
  • Unclassified tumors
  • Secondary (metastatic) tumors
  • Tumor-like lesions

References

  1. ↑ Outwater EK, Siegelman ES, Hunt JL (2001). "Ovarian teratomas: tumor types and imaging characteristics". Radiographics. 21 (2): 475–90. doi:10.1148/radiographics.21.2.g01mr09475. PMID 11259710.
  2. ↑ Rojas V, Hirshfield KM, Ganesan S, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L (December 2016). "Molecular Characterization of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment". Int J Mol Sci. 17 (12). doi:10.3390/ijms17122113. PMC 5187913. PMID 27983698.
  3. ↑ Horta M, Cunha TM (2015). "Sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary: a comprehensive review and update for radiologists". Diagn Interv Radiol. 21 (4): 277–86. doi:10.5152/dir.2015.34414. PMC 4498422. PMID 26054417.
  4. ↑ McCluggage WG (August 2011). "Morphological subtypes of ovarian carcinoma: a review with emphasis on new developments and pathogenesis". Pathology. 43 (5): 420–32. doi:10.1097/PAT.0b013e328348a6e7. PMID 21716157.
  5. ↑ Meinhold-Heerlein I, Fotopoulou C, Harter P, Kurzeder C, Mustea A, Wimberger P, Hauptmann S, Sehouli J (April 2016). "The new WHO classification of ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer and its clinical implications". Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 293 (4): 695–700. doi:10.1007/s00404-016-4035-8. PMID 26894303.
  6. ↑ "onlinelibrary.wiley.com".
  7. ↑ Kurman RJ, Shih I (March 2010). "The origin and pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer: a proposed unifying theory". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 34 (3): 433–43. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181cf3d79. PMC 2841791. PMID 20154587. Vancouver style error: initials (help)

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