Ovarian germ cell tumor epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- In USA the age-adjusted incidence of MOGCTs is 0.41 per 100,000 women.[1]
- These tumors are less common than ovarian epithelial tumors.
Mature teratoma
- The incidence of mature/benign teratoma is between 1.2 to 14.2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.[2]
- The germ cell tumors of the ovary consist approximately one-fourth of ovarian neoplasms and a great majority of them are benign.
Dysgerminoma
- Age-adjusted incidence of this tumor is 0.109 per 100,000 women-year.[3]
- The incidence is greater in those with partial or complete gonadal dysgenesis.[4]
Yolk sac tumor
- Age-adjusted incidence of this tumor is 0.048 per 100,000 women-year.[3]
Embryonal carcinoma
- Age-adjusted incidence of this tumor is 0.014 per 100,000 women-year.[3]
Choriocarcinom
- Age-adjusted incidence of this tumor is 0.008 per 100,000 women-year.[3]
Prevalence
Mature teratoma
- Mature teratoma is the most common ovarian germ cell tumor tumor and accounts for 95% of ovarian teratomas.[5]
Dysgerminoma
- Dysgerminoma is the second most common ovarian germ cell tumor.[5]
- This tumor accounts for less than 1% of all ovarian cancers.[6]
Mixed germ cell tumor
- These tumors accounts for 10% to 20% of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors and are the forth most common tumors. [7]
- The majority of them contain yolk sca tumor as one of the elements.
Embryonal carcinoma
- These tumors are very rare, comprising only 1% of ovarian germ cell tumors, and usually are a component of mixed germ cell tumors.[8]
Endodermal sinus tumor
- The pure form of these tumors are the third most common ovarian tumors.[7]
Non-gestational choriocarcinoma
- These tumors comprised less than 1% of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.[9]
Age
Mature teratoma
- Patients of all age groups may develop mature teratoma. However, they tend to present between 20 to 30 years of age at a greater extent.[10]
- The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
Immature teratoma
- Immature teratoma tends to affect younger patient than mature teratomas (usually the first 2 decades of life).[11]
Dysgerminoma
- Dysgerminoma commonly affects individuals younger than 30 years of age in 85% of cases.[6]
- The median age at the time of diagnosis is approximately 19 to 23 years, although it may happen at any age.[12]
- The tumor is uncommon prepubertal or postmenopausal.
- [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
- [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
Yolk sac tumor
- They are most common in women in the second and third decades of life and rarely happens after the age 40.[13]
Embryonal carcinoma
- They affect primarily children and young adults.[14]
Choriocarcinoma
- They can be primary (non-gestational) or secondary to pregnancy (gestational).[14]
- Primary type affects children and young adults.
Race
- There is no racial predilection to ovarian germ cell tumors.
Gender
- Females are more commonly affected by germ cell tumors than males.[3]
Region
- Germ cell tumors of the ovary account for a greater proportion of ovarian tumors in the Asia and Africa.[3]
- Dysgerminomas has been reported to have high prevalences in India and Japan.[14]
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
References
- ↑ Pectasides, D.; Pectasides, E.; Kassanos, D. (2008). "Germ cell tumors of the ovary". Cancer Treatment Reviews. 34 (5): 427–441. doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.02.002. ISSN 0305-7372.
- ↑ Westhoff C, Pike M, Vessey M (July 1988). "Benign ovarian teratomas: a population-based case-control study". Br. J. Cancer. 58 (1): 93–8. PMC 2246492. PMID 3166898.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Smith, Harriet O.; Berwick, Marianne; Verschraegen, Claire F.; Wiggins, Charles; Lansing, Letitia; Muller, Carolyn Y.; Qualls, Clifford R. (2006). "Incidence and Survival Rates for Female Malignant Germ Cell Tumors". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 107 (5): 1075–1085. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000216004.22588.ce. ISSN 0029-7844.
- ↑ Shaaban, Akram M.; Rezvani, Maryam; Elsayes, Khaled M.; Baskin, Henry; Mourad, Amr; Foster, Bryan R.; Jarboe, Elke A.; Menias, Christine O. (2014). "Ovarian Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: Cellular Classification and Clinical and Imaging Features". RadioGraphics. 34 (3): 777–801. doi:10.1148/rg.343130067. ISSN 0271-5333.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ulbright, Thomas M (2005). "Germ cell tumors of the gonads: a selective review emphasizing problems in differential diagnosis, newly appreciated, and controversial issues". Modern Pathology. 18: S61–S79. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800310. ISSN 0893-3952.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Vicus, Danielle; Beiner, Mario E.; Klachook, Shany; Le, Lisa W.; Laframboise, Stephane; Mackay, Helen (2010). "Pure dysgerminoma of the ovary 35 years on: A single institutional experience". Gynecologic Oncology. 117 (1): 23–26. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.12.024. ISSN 0090-8258.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Tewari, K (2000). "Malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 95 (1): 128–133. doi:10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00470-6. ISSN 0029-7844.
- ↑ Cheng, Liang; Zhang, Shaobo; Talerman, Aleksander; Roth, Lawrence M. (2010). "Morphologic, immunohistochemical, and fluorescence in situ hybridization study of ovarian embryonal carcinoma with comparison to solid variant of yolk sac tumor and immature teratoma". Human Pathology. 41 (5): 716–723. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2009.10.016. ISSN 0046-8177.
- ↑ Jiao, Lan-zhou; Xiang, Yang; Feng, Feng-zhi; Wan, Xi-run; Zhao, Jun; Cui, Quan-cai; Yang, Xiu-yu (2010). "Clinical Analysis of 21 Cases of Nongestational Ovarian Choriocarcinoma". International Journal of Gynecological Cancer. 20 (2): 299–302. doi:10.1111/IGC.0b013e3181cc2526. ISSN 1048-891X.
- ↑ Yayla Abide, Çiğdem; Bostancı Ergen, Evrim (2018). "Retrospective analysis of mature cystic teratomas in a single center and review of the literature". Journal of Turkish Society of Obstetric and Gynecology. 15 (2): 95–98. doi:10.4274/tjod.86244. ISSN 1307-699X.
- ↑ Outwater, Eric K.; Siegelman, Evan S.; Hunt, Jennifer L. (2001). "Ovarian Teratomas: Tumor Types and Imaging Characteristics". RadioGraphics. 21 (2): 475–490. doi:10.1148/radiographics.21.2.g01mr09475. ISSN 0271-5333.
- ↑ A L Husaini H, Soudy H, El Din Darwish A, Ahmed M, Eltigani A, A L Mubarak M, Sabaa AA, Edesa W, A L-Tweigeri T, Al-Badawi IA (December 2012). "Pure dysgerminoma of the ovary: a single institutional experience of 65 patients". Med. Oncol. 29 (4): 2944–8. doi:10.1007/s12032-012-0194-z. PMID 22407668. Vancouver style error: missing comma (help)
- ↑ Kurman RJ, Norris HJ (December 1976). "Endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary: a clinical and pathologic analysis of 71 cases". Cancer. 38 (6): 2404–19. PMID 63318.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Chen, Vivien W.; Ruiz, Bernardo; Killeen, Jeffrey L.; Cot�, Timothy R.; Wu, Xiao Cheng; Correa, Catherine N.; Howe, Holly L. (2003). "Pathology and classification of ovarian tumors". Cancer. 97 (S10): 2631–2642. doi:10.1002/cncr.11345. ISSN 0008-543X. replacement character in
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