Ovarian germ cell tumor physical examination
|
Ovarian germ cell tumor Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Ovarian germ cell tumor physical examination On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Ovarian germ cell tumor physical examination |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Ovarian germ cell tumor physical examination |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2]
Overview
Patients with germ cells of the ovary usually appear normal. Physical examination of these patients is usually unremarkable and the tumors tend to be discovered incidentally or during imaging workups for another reason. When symptomatic, the physical examination may be remarkable for Abdominal/pelvic mass and/or signs of virilization, precocious puberty, and pregnancy depending on the capacity of the tumor for the production of hormones.
Physical Examination
Physical examination of patients with germ cell tumors of the ovary is usually normal.
Appearance of the Patient
Vital Signs
- Fever is present in 10% to 25% of individuals with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.[1]
- Hypothermia / hyperthermia may be present
- Tachycardia with regular pulse or (ir)regularly irregular pulse
- Bradycardia with regular pulse or (ir)regularly irregular pulse
- Tachypnea / bradypnea
- Kussmal respirations may be present in _____ (advanced disease state)
- Weak/bounding pulse / pulsus alternans / paradoxical pulse / asymmetric pulse
- High/low blood pressure with normal pulse pressure / wide pulse pressure / narrow pulse pressure
- Hypotension or shock may occur in case of spontaneous rupture.[2]
- Spontaneous rupture may happen in <4% of affected individuals.
Skin
- Skin examination of patients with germ cell tumors of the ovary is usually normal.
OR
HEENT
- HEENT examination of patients with germ cell tumors of the ovary is usually normal.
OR
- Abnormalities of the head/hair may include ___
- Evidence of trauma
- Icteric sclera
- Nystagmus
- Extra-ocular movements may be abnormal
- Pupils non-reactive to light / non-reactive to accommodation / non-reactive to neither light nor accommodation
- Ophthalmoscopic exam may be abnormal with findings of ___
- Hearing acuity may be reduced
- Weber test may be abnormal (Note: A positive Weber test is considered a normal finding / A negative Weber test is considered an abnormal finding. To avoid confusion, you may write "abnormal Weber test".)
- Rinne test may be positive (Note: A positive Rinne test is considered a normal finding / A negative Rinne test is considered an abnormal finding. To avoid confusion, you may write "abnormal Rinne test".)
- Exudate from the ear canal
- Tenderness upon palpation of the ear pinnae/tragus (anterior to ear canal)
- Inflamed nares / congested nares
- Purulent exudate from the nares
- Facial tenderness
- Erythematous throat with/without tonsillar swelling, exudates, and/or petechiae
Neck
- Neck examination of patients with germ cell tumors of the ovary is usually normal.
OR
- Jugular venous distension
- Carotid bruits may be auscultated unilaterally/bilaterally using the bell/diaphragm of the otoscope
- Lymphadenopathy (describe location, size, tenderness, mobility, and symmetry)
- Thyromegaly / thyroid nodules
- Hepatojugular reflux
Lungs
- Pulmonary examination of patients with germ cell tumors of the ovary is usually normal.
OR
- Asymmetric chest expansion OR decreased chest expansion
- Lungs are hyporesonant OR hyperresonant
- Fine/coarse crackles upon auscultation of the lung bases/apices unilaterally/bilaterally
- Rhonchi
- Vesicular breath sounds OR distant breath sounds
- Expiratory wheezing OR inspiratory wheezing with normal OR delayed expiratory phase
- Wheezing may be present
- Egophony present/absent
- Bronchophony present/absent
- Normal/reduced tactile fremitus
Heart
- Cardiovascular examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
OR
- Chest tenderness upon palpation
- PMI within 2 cm of the sternum (PMI) / Displaced point of maximal impulse (PMI) suggestive of ____
- Heave / thrill
- Friction rub
- S1
- S2
- S3
- S4
- Gallops
- A high/low grade early/late systolic murmur / diastolic murmur best heard at the base/apex/(specific valve region) may be heard using the bell/diaphgram of the stethoscope
Abdomen
- Abdominal examination of patients with germ cell tumors of the ovary may be remarkable for a mass or distention.[2]
- Ascites can also be present.[1]
OR
- Abdominal distension
- Abdominal tenderness in the right/left upper/lower abdominal quadrant
- Rebound tenderness (positive Blumberg sign)
- A palpable abdominal mass in the right/left upper/lower abdominal quadrant
- Guarding may be present
- Hepatomegaly / splenomegaly / hepatosplenomegaly
- Additional findings, such as obturator test, psoas test, McBurney point test, Murphy test
Back
- Back examination of patients with germ cell tumors of the ovary is usually normal.
OR
- Point tenderness over __ vertebrae (e.g. L3-L4)
- Sacral edema
- Costovertebral angle tenderness bilaterally/unilaterally
- Buffalo hump
Genitourinary
- A pelvic/adnexal mass may be palpated.[2]
- Although rarely, mature teratoma may present as a vaginal mass.[3]
Neuromuscular
Extremities
- Extremities examination of patients with germ cells of the ovary is usually normal.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Tewari, K (2000). "Malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 95 (1): 128–133. doi:10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00470-6. ISSN 0029-7844.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Low, Jeffrey J.H.; Ilancheran, Arunachalam; Ng, Joseph S. (2012). "Malignant ovarian germ-cell tumours". Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 26 (3): 347–355. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.01.002. ISSN 1521-6934.
- ↑ Vural, F.; Vural, B.; Paksoy, N. (2015). "Vaginal teratoma: A case report and review of the literature". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 35 (7): 757–758. doi:10.3109/01443615.2015.1004525. ISSN 0144-3615.