Osteosarcoma historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou[2].
Overview
Osteosarcoma is known as the most common bone malignant tumor. Osteosarcoma is an ancient disease and is not completely understood, yet. Nobody knows when and who discovered Osteosarcoma, but recent Paleontology discoveries revealed that Osteosarcoma has a long story in planet earth. Resent discoverers in Germany revealed a 240 million-year-old highly malignant tumor in the fossilized leg bone of a stem turtle. Its been found that osteosarcoma is the earliest case of human cancer which was found on the 1.7 million-year-old fossil of an early ancestor of mankind in Swartkrans cave in South Africa .
In 1990, a thousand-year-old mummy of a woman in her mid-30s of age had with a malignant tumor in her upper-left arm which that mass had grown so large that it might burst through her skin while she was still alive.
In 1805, a French surgeon Alexis Boyer was first described the term osteosarcoma
In 1847, Guillaume Dupuytren had a true description and natural history of the process.
In 1854, Hermann Lebert was the first histologic description of bone tumors.
In 1867, Rudolf Virchow created a classification of bone tumors based on histology based on the work of the Hermann Lebert in 1854.
In 1879, Samuel Gross , had some recommendations regarding the main definition of osteosarcoma.
In 1909, Ernest Codman, described many of the features that osteosarcomas demonstrate on X-rays, including the periosteal elevation which continues to be known as Codman’s Triangle.
In the years after World War II, advances in general and surgical implants orthopedic techniques made this opportunity to perform increasingly complex reconstructions following bone tumor removal. Despite this, the survival rates associated with osteosarcomas remained low.
In the 1970s, the modern age of osteosarcoma treatment really began with the discovery and the usage of the chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, we can see a major jump in the survival rates from about 30 % to almost 70 % during this period of time.
Unfortunately, despite major technological advances in medical and orthopedic sciences in the past 40 years, the survival rates for osteosarcoma have reached a plateau over that period of time.
Consequently, this issue lead to start an area of intense research regarding the osteosarcoma and related diagnostic and therapeutic methods to help mankind in this regard.
In 2009, William Enneking in the History of Orthopedic Oncology in the United States, provides a detailed account of the history of osteosarcoma.