Pipkin classification

Monteggia-fracture

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou[2].

Overview

The "hip" joint is known as a ball-and-socket joint. It allows the femur bone to bend and rotate at the pelvis. Comparing to the injuries to the knee, ankle, and shoulder which are well documented, injuries to the hip, pelvis, and thigh get little attentions due to their lower prevalence. A hip fracture is a known as a fracture of the upper quarter of the femur bone while any other types of injuries to the socket, or acetabulum, itself is not considered a "hip fracture." Management of fractures to the socket is a completely different consideration. The hip fracture count as a serious problems associated with serious and life-threatening complications. Hip fractures most commonly occur due to the:

Fall to the side of the hip A direct blow to the side of the hip Other medical conditions such as osteoporosis, cancer, or stress injuries affecting the strength. During fracture the most common site of fracture are:

The head of the femur The neck of the femur Between or below the greater trochanter and the lesser trochanters

Pipkin Classification

Monteggia Fracture-Dislocations

Bado Classification for the Monteggia Fracture-Dislocations		Mechanism of Injury
Type I 60% of cases	Fracture of the proximal or middle third of the ulna with anterior dislocation of the radial head (most common in children and young adults)	(1) direct blow to posterior elbow (2) hyper-pronated force on an outstretched arm (3) contracted biceps resists forearm extension causing dislocation and followed by impact leading to ulna fracture
Type II 15% of cases	Fracture of the proximal or middle third of the ulna with posterior dislocation of the radial head (70 to 80% of adult Monteggia fractures)	(1) Axial load directed up the forearm with a slightly flexed elbow
Type III 20% of cases	Fracture of the ulnar metaphysis (distal to coronoid process) with lateral dislocation of the radial head	(1) Varus force on an extended elbow leads to a greenstick fracture of the ulna
Type IV 5% of cases	Fracture of the proximal or middle third of the ulna and radius with dislocation of the radial head in any direction	(1) Rarest type and poorly understood mechanism.

Bado classification for Monteggia fractures

Related Chapters

• Hip fracture