Garden classification

Hip fracture

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou[2].

Overview

The "hip" joint is known as a ball-and-socket joint. It allows the femur bone to bend and rotate at the pelvis. Comparing to the injuries to the knee, ankle, and shoulder which are well documented, injuries to the hip, pelvis, and thigh get little attentions due to their lower prevalence. A hip fracture is a known as a fracture of the upper quarter of the femur bone while any other types of injuries to the socket, or acetabulum, itself is not considered a "hip fracture." Management of fractures to the socket is a completely different consideration. The hip fracture count as a serious problems associated with serious and life-threatening complications. Hip fractures most commonly occur due to the:

Fall to the side of the hip A direct blow to the side of the hip Other medical conditions such as osteoporosis, cancer, or stress injuries affecting the strength. During fracture the most common site of fracture are:

The head of the femur The neck of the femur Between or below the greater trochanter and the lesser trochanters

Garden Classification

Type I	distal fracture to the fovea capitis (below the fovea), a small fracture not involving the weightbearing surface
Type II	proximal fracture to the fovea capitis (above the fovea), a large fracture involving the weightbearing surface
Type III	type I or II fracture with a fracture of the femoral neck, has an increased risk of avascular necrosis
Type IV	type I or II fracture with a fracture of the acetabular wall, usually the posterior wall

Diagram demonstrating the various named proximal femoral fractures.

Related Chapters

• Hip fracture