AAOS classification of periprosthetic hip fracture

Hip fracture

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou[2].

Overview

The "hip" joint is known as a ball-and-socket joint. It allows the femur bone to bend and rotate at the pelvis. Comparing to the injuries to the knee, ankle, and shoulder which are well documented, injuries to the hip, pelvis, and thigh get little attentions due to their lower prevalence. A hip fracture is a known as a fracture of the upper quarter of the femur bone while any other types of injuries to the socket, or acetabulum, itself is not considered a "hip fracture." Management of fractures to the socket is a completely different consideration. The hip fracture count as a serious problems associated with serious and life-threatening complications. Hip fractures most commonly occur due to the:

Fall to the side of the hip A direct blow to the side of the hip Other medical conditions such as osteoporosis, cancer, or stress injuries affecting the strength. During fracture the most common site of fracture are:

The head of the femur The neck of the femur Between or below the greater trochanter and the lesser trochanters

American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) classification

Hip fractures are categorized as:

• level I: proximal femur distally to the lower extent of the lesser trochanter
• level II: 10 cm of femur distal to level I
• level III: femur distal to level II

American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) classification
Type I	fractures proximal to the intertrochanteric line; usually occur during dislocation of the hip
Type II	vertical or spiral fractures that do not extend past lower extent of the lesser trochanter
Type III	vertical or spiral fractures that extend past lower extent of lesser trochanter, but not beyond level II; usually at the junction of middle and distal thirds of the femoral stem
Type IV	fractures that traverse femoral stem in level III or lie within that area type IV-A: spiral fractures around the tip of the stem type IV-B: simple transverse or short oblique fractures
Type V	severely comminuted fractures around the stem in level III
Type VI	fractures distal to the tip of the stem in level III

Related Chapters

• Hip fracture