Ovarian cancer laboratory findings

	Ovarian cancer Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classifications
Pathophysiology
Causes of Ovarian cancer
Differentiating Ovarian cancer from other Diseases
Epidemiology & Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications & Prognosis
Diagnosis
History & Symptoms
Physical Examination
Staging
Laboratory Findings
Chest X Ray
CT
MRI
Echocardiography or Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Ovarian cancer laboratory findings On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Ovarian cancer laboratory findings All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Ovarian cancer laboratory findings
CDC on Ovarian cancer laboratory findings
Ovarian cancer laboratory findings in the news
Blogs on Ovarian cancer laboratory findings
Directions to Hospitals Treating Ovarian cancer
Risk calculators and risk factors for Ovarian cancer laboratory findings

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Huda A. Karman, M.D.

Overview

Patients with ovarian cancer can present acutely or sub-acutely
If there is clinical suspicion of malignancy, the evaluation includes laboratory work, imaging and surgical exploration for the definite diagnosis
Routine lab work
- CBC
- CBP
Serum biomarkers of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC):^[1]
- CA 125
  - Considered the best for ovarian cancer detection, therapeutic monitoring, and detection of the tumor recurrence
  - Postmenopausal woman: should be measured
  - Premenopausal woman: should be measured only if US shows highly suspicious malignant mass
- HE4 ^[2]
  - CA125 and HE4 are used together to increase the sensitivity and specificity of ovarian cancer detection
  - Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) is used to decide if the patient has a high risk or low-risk malignant disease based on:
    - CA125 and HE4 levels
    - Menopausal status of the woman
- OVA1^[3]^[4]^[5]
Serum biomarkers of the germ cell and sex cord-stromal ovarian cancer:
- AFP: alpha-fetoprotein
- hCG: human chorionic gonadotropin
- LDH: lactate dehydrogenase
- E2: estradiol
- Inhibin
- Testost: testosterone
- Andro: androstenedione
- DHEA: dehydroepiandrostenedione
- AMH: anti-Müllerian hormone

The gene for CA 125 was cloned in 2001 and is called MUC16^[1]
radioimmunoassay using a monoclonal antibody to monitor the course of epithelial ovarian cancer^[3]
CA125 and the second generation test (CA125 II) are both cliniclaly equivalent^[6]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Yin BW, Lloyd KO (2001). "Molecular cloning of the CA125 ovarian cancer antigen: identification as a new mucin, MUC16". J Biol Chem. 276 (29): 27371–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103554200. PMID 11369781.
↑ Drapkin R, von Horsten HH, Lin Y, Mok SC, Crum CP, Welch WR; et al. (2005). "Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is a secreted glycoprotein that is overexpressed by serous and endometrioid ovarian carcinomas". Cancer Res. 65 (6): 2162–9. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3924. PMID 15781627.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Bast RC, Klug TL, St John E, Jenison E, Niloff JM, Lazarus H; et al. (1983). "A radioimmunoassay using a monoclonal antibody to monitor the course of epithelial ovarian cancer". N Engl J Med. 309 (15): 883–7. doi:10.1056/NEJM198310133091503. PMID 6310399.
↑ Jacobs I, Bast RC (1989). "The CA 125 tumour-associated antigen: a review of the literature". Hum Reprod. 4 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136832. PMID 2651469.
↑ Zhang Z, Bast RC, Yu Y, Li J, Sokoll LJ, Rai AJ; et al. (2004). "Three biomarkers identified from serum proteomic analysis for the detection of early stage ovarian cancer". Cancer Res. 64 (16): 5882–90. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0746. PMID 15313933.
↑ Mongia SK, Rawlins ML, Owen WE, Roberts WL (2006). "Performance characteristics of seven automated CA 125 assays". Am J Clin Pathol. 125 (6): 921–7. doi:10.1309/NBA3-12W0-LANR-XYH9. PMID 16690492 PMID 16690492 Check |pmid= value (help).