Arnold-Chiari malformation physical examination

Arnold-Chiari malformation Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Patients with Arnold Chiari malformation usually appear normal. Physical examination of patients with Arnold Chiari malformation is usually remarkable for impaired coordination, sensory/ motor deficit, abnormal gait, nystagmus, scoliosis, and autonomic dysfunction.

Physical Examination

Appearance of the Patient

• Patients with Arnold-Chiari malformation usually appear .

Vital Signs

• Tachycardia
• bradypnea
• High blood pressure

Skin

• Skin examination of patients with Arnold Chiari malformation is usually normal.

HEENT

• Impaired gag reflex

Neck

• Neck examination of patients with Arnold Chiari malformation is usually normal.

Lungs

• Pulmonary examination of patients with Arnold Chiari malformation is usually normal.

Heart

• Cardiovascular examination of patients with Arnold Chiari malformation is usually normal.

Abdomen

• Abdominal examination of patients with Arnold Chiari malformation is usually normal.

Back

• Scoliosis

Genitourinary

• Genitourinary examination of patients with Arnold Chiari malformation is usually normal.

Neuromuscular

• Muscle rigidity
• Proximal/distal muscle weakness unilaterally/bilaterally
• Unilateral/bilateral upper/lower extremity weakness
• Unilateral/bilateral sensory loss in the upper/lower extremity
• Abnormal gait
• Unilateral/bilateral tremor
• Dysmetria

Extremities

• Muscle atrophy
• Gait/ balance problem
• Impaired coordination

Eye

• Nystagmus (irregular eye movements) may be present.
• Pupillary dilatation

Neurologic

• Impaired gag reflex
• Impaired coordination

References

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