Arnold-Chiari malformation history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.

Overview

The most common symptoms of Arnold-Chiari malformation is headache, arm pain and weakness, neck pain, nausea and vomiting, balance problem, dizziness and ear ringing.

History and Symptoms

History

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of Arnold-Chiari malformation type 1 and 2 include:^[1]^[2]^[3]
- In infants
  - Stridor
  - Swallowing difficulties
- In older children
  - Limb weakness
  - Dizziness
  - Vertigo
  - Neuropathic pain
  - Pain at the point of tethering
  - Visual disturbances
  - Difficulty swallowing
  - Ringing in the ears
  - Sleep apnea
  - Impaired fine motor skills
  - Muscle weakness
  - Palpitations
  - Excessive clearing of the throat with no obstructions

NOTE: Patients may experience no symptoms or remain asymptomatic until early adulthood at which point they will often experience severe headaches and neck pain.

NOTE: Some patients may go an entire lifetime without having noticeable symptoms. Or, symptoms can be minimal, then turn severe suddenly due to head trauma which alters the condition of the spine, brain, or cerebellar tonsils and begins to cause more difficulties.

Common symptoms of Arnold-Chiari malformation type 3 and 4 include:
- Respiratory failure in infancy
- Seizure (epilepsy)
- Mental retardation
- Flaccid or spastic paralysis
- Sever neurological problems
  Source: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of Arnold-Chiari malformation include:

References

↑ Dyste, Gregg N.; Menezes, Arnold H.; VanGilder, John C. (1989). "Symptomatic Chiari malformations". Journal of Neurosurgery. 71 (2): 159–168. doi:10.3171/jns.1989.71.2.0159. ISSN 0022-3085.
↑ Bell, William O.; Charney, Edward B.; Bruce, Derek A.; Sutton, Leslie N.; Schut, Luis (1987). "Symptomatic Arnold-Chiari malformation: review of experience with 22 cases". Journal of Neurosurgery. 66 (6): 812–816. doi:10.3171/jns.1987.66.6.0812. ISSN 0022-3085.
↑ Papasozomenos, S.; Roessmann, U. (1981). "Respiratory distress and Arnold-Chiari malformation". Neurology. 31 (1): 97–97. doi:10.1212/WNL.31.1.97. ISSN 0028-3878.

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[DysteMenezes1989-1] Dyste, Gregg N.; Menezes, Arnold H.; VanGilder, John C. (1989). "Symptomatic Chiari malformations". Journal of Neurosurgery. 71 (2): 159–168. doi:10.3171/jns.1989.71.2.0159. ISSN 0022-3085.

[BellCharney1987-2] Bell, William O.; Charney, Edward B.; Bruce, Derek A.; Sutton, Leslie N.; Schut, Luis (1987). "Symptomatic Arnold-Chiari malformation: review of experience with 22 cases". Journal of Neurosurgery. 66 (6): 812–816. doi:10.3171/jns.1987.66.6.0812. ISSN 0022-3085.

[PapasozomenosRoessmann1981-3] Papasozomenos, S.; Roessmann, U. (1981). "Respiratory distress and Arnold-Chiari malformation". Neurology. 31 (1): 97–97. doi:10.1212/WNL.31.1.97. ISSN 0028-3878.

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