Cardiac tamponade historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD[2]
Overview
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- Knowledge of existence of pericardium tracks down to Hippocrates era (460 BC to 370 BC) who described it as "a small mantle surrounding the heart and containing a small amount of fluid resembling urine".[1]
- Pericardial effusion was first observed by Galen, 600 years later, which is due to the belief of ancient Greek that heat is inviolate and can not cause disease.
- Galen also reported heart wounds are fatal due to this sequence.[2]
- In Renaissance era at 16th century, Ambroise Paré a French surgen reported what was considered as a delayed death due to traumatic hemopericardium, by observing a gunshot of a gentleman at a duel.
- He reported :
- " Awound in the heart so large as would contain one's finger, and there was much blood that poured forth upon midriff"[3]
- Tamponade effect of pericardial effusion was described by DR.Richard Lower , a Cornish physician, in 1669:
- “Although the fluid enclosed in the pericardium serves effectively for lubricating the surface of the heart and facilitating its movement, it sometimes happens that a profuse effusion oppresses and inundates the heart. The envelope becomes filled in hydrops of the heart; the walls of the heart are compressed by the fluid settling everywhere so that the heart cannot dilate sufficiently to receive the blood; then the pulse becomes exceedingly small, until finally it becomes utterly suppressed by the great inundation of fluid whence succeed syncope and death itself.”[4]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
Impact on Cultural History
Famous Cases
- Delayed death of Empress Elizabeth of Austria, known as Sissi.
References
- ↑ Spodick, David H. (1970). "Medical history of the pericardium". The American Journal of Cardiology. 26 (5): 447–454. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(70)90701-0. ISSN 0002-9149.
- ↑ Abela, George (2004). Peripheral vascular disease : basic diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0781743834.
- ↑ Elkin, Daniel C. (1944). "WOUNDS OF THE HEART". Annals of Surgery. 120 (6): 817–821. doi:10.1097/00000658-194412000-00001. ISSN 0003-4932.
- ↑ Shabetai, Ralph (2003). The pericardium. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4020-7639-8.