Andersen-Tawil syndrome diagnostic criteria
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]
Diagnostic Criteria
The diagnosis of Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) is suspected in individuals with either A or B:
A. Two of the following three criteria:
- Periodic paralysis
- Symptomatic cardiac arrhythmias or electrocardiographic (ECG) evidence of enlarged U waves, ventricular ectopy, or a prolonged QTc or QUc interval
- Characteristic facies, dental anomalies, small hands and feet, and at least two of the following:
- Low-set ears
- Widely spaced eyes
- Small mandible
- Fifth-digit clinodactyly
- Syndactyly
B. One of the above three in addition to at least one other family member who meets two of the three criteria.
Diagnostic Study of Choice
Study of choice
- Phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of the patient is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) which include A and B.
A. 2 has to to positive out of the following three criteria for Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) :
- Periodic paralysis
- Cardiac arrhythmias which are supposed to be symptomatic or positive U-waves or a prolonged QTc or QUc interval on ECG.
- Unique facial characteristics, dental problems with small hands and feet, with 2 of the following which include:
- Low-set ears
- Widely spaced eyes
- Small mandible
- Fifth-digit clinodactyly
- Syndactyly of toes 2 and 3
B. Along with one of the above three criteria AND at least one of the other family member who meets two of the three criteria should be considered for further gene testing in patients with Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS).
OR
The following result of [gold standard test] is confirmatory of [disease name]:
- [Result 1]
- [Result 2]
OR
[Name of the investigation] must be performed when:
- The patient presents with [symptom/sign 1], [symptom/sign 2], and [symptom/sign 3].
- A [name of test] is positive for [sign 1], [sign 2], and [sign 3] in the patient.
OR
[Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].
OR
The diagnostic study of choice for [disease name] is [name of the investigation].
OR
There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name].
OR
There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name], but [disease name] can be diagnosed based on [name of the investigation 1] and [name of the investigation 2].
OR
[Disease name] is primarily diagnosed based on the clinical presentation.
OR
Investigations:
- Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most specific test for the diagnosis.
- Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most sensitive test for diagnosis.
- Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most efficient test for diagnosis.