Patent foramen ovale diagnostic study of choice
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Diagnostic Study of Choice
Study of choice
The diagnostic study of choice for patent foramen ovale is contrast-enhanced transesophageal echocardiography (c-TEE).[1]
The comparison of various diagnostic studies for patent foramen ovale
| Test | Sensitivity | Specificity |
|---|---|---|
| Transesophageal echocardiography | 89% | 100% |
| Transthoracic echocardiography | 46% | 99% |
| Transcranial doppler | 96% |
Diagnostic results
The following finding on performing contrast-enhanced transesophageal echocardiography is confirmatory for patent foramen ovale:
- Presence of bubbles across the inter-atrial septum into the left atrium: A diagnosis is made with the appearance of at least three micro-bubbles within three cardiac cycles after the complete opacification of the right atrium.
This is done with the patient performing the valsalva maneuver.
References
- ↑ Pearson AC, Labovitz AJ, Tatineni S, Gomez CR (1991). "Superiority of transesophageal echocardiography in detecting cardiac source of embolism in patients with cerebral ischemia of uncertain etiology". J Am Coll Cardiol. 17 (1): 66–72. doi:10.1016/0735-1097(91)90705-e. PMID 1987242.