Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]

Classification

A common classification system for total anomalous venous connection (TAPVC) is as the following:

• Supracardiac (approximately 50%): pulmonary veins form a transverse confluence just behind small left atrium. This confluence drains into the remnant of the left cardinal vein, then into the left innominate vein, finally flows into the right atrium.
• Cardiac (approximately 25%): the common pulmonary vein] drains into the coronary sinus or rarely the individual pulmonary veins connect directly into the right atrium.
• Infracardiac (approximately 25%): the common pulmonary vein drains through the diaphragm into the portal vein or ductus venosus via a descending vertical vein
• Mixed: the right and left pulmonary veins may have different drainages. Any combination of drainage may occur into superior vena cava, innominate veins, coronary sinus, RA, azygous vein, or infra diaphragmatic veins.

Image

Another system classifies TAPVC into two types:

• Obstructed:
• Non-obstructed:

References

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