Third degree AV block natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2] Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]
Overview
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
Complications
- Patients with third-degree heart blocks are vulnerable to decreased perfusion related to symptomatic bradycardia and decreased cardiac output.
- Critically ill patients may be unable to protect their airway and may develop nausea, possibly aspirate, and may have delirium.
- Treatment-related complications in the short term are malposition or dislodgement of a pacemaker lead and cardiac perforation in the short term and pacemaker associated heart failure in the long term.
- Common complications of third degree AV block include:
- Sudden cardiac death due to asystole
- Syncope
- Musculoskeletal injuries secondary to fall after syncope.
Prognosis
- Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with third degree AV block is approximately [--]%.
- Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
- The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
- [Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
- The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.
Complications
Complete heart block is associated with the following complications:
- Cardiovascular collapse
- Hypotension
- Stokes-Adams syndrome
- Ventricular tachycardia
- Ventricular fibrillation
- Worsening of heart failure
- Worsening of angina
- Death
Prognosis
Patients treated with permanent pacemaker have an excellent prognosis. Patients with complete heart block due to acute myocardial infarction are at a greater risk for sudden cardiac death.