Pacemaker syndrome differential diagnosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Differentiating Pacemaker syndrome from other Diseases
Patients with pacemaker syndrome present with varied symptoms resulting from dyssynchrony between atria and ventricles.
Presenting symptoms include:
- Dyspnea
- Edema
- Orthopnea
- Symptoms of low cardiac output like weakness, fatigue, lightheadedness and dyspnea on exertion
- Hypotension
- Shock
- Orthostatic changes
- Syncope
- Dizziness
- Right upper quadrant pain
- Headaches
- Palpitations
- Easy fatigability
Pacemaker syndrome should be differentiated from the following diseases:
- If patient had implanted ventricular pacemaker and develops new neurological or cardiovascular symptoms, consider Pacemaker Syndrome as a differential diagnosis.
- Acute coronary syndrome
- Failed pacemaker
- Hypothyroidism
- Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
- Arrhythmias (especially supraventricular tachycardias)
- Hyperthyroidism
- Pulmonary embolism
- Carotid sinus hypersensitivity
Differentiating [disease name] from other diseases on the basis of [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]
On the basis [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3], [disease name] must be differentiated from [disease 1], [disease 2], [disease 3], [disease 4], [disease 5], and [disease 6].
| Diseases | Clinical manifestations | Para-clinical findings | Gold standard | Additional findings | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms | Physical examination | ||||||||||||||
| Lab Findings | Imaging | Histopathology | |||||||||||||
| Symptom 1 | Symptom 2 | Symptom 3 | Physical exam 1 | Physical exam 2 | Physical exam 3 | Lab 1 | Lab 2 | Lab 3 | Imaging 1 | Imaging 2 | Imaging 3 | ||||
| Differential Diagnosis 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Differential Diagnosis 2 | |||||||||||||||
| Differential Diagnosis 3 | |||||||||||||||
| Diseases | Symptom 1 | Symptom 2 | Symptom 3 | Physical exam 1 | Physical exam 2 | Physical exam 3 | Lab 1 | Lab 2 | Lab 3 | Imaging 1 | Imaging 2 | Imaging 3 | Histopathology | Gold standard | Additional findings |
| Differential Diagnosis 4 | |||||||||||||||
| Differential Diagnosis 5 | |||||||||||||||
| Differential Diagnosis 6 | |||||||||||||||