Varicose veins pathophysiology

Varicose veins are normal veins that have become dilated beyond 3mm. They usually occur in lower limb.

Veins are normally gated by one-way valve system that prevents backward flow of blood. Venous system of limbs is divided by fascia into two sub-systems- Superficial veins and Deep veins.These are connected intermittently by perforating veins that travel across fascia. The deep veins are high pressure system supported by muscle and deep fascia, which prevent to abnormal dilation of these veins. The superficial veins are relatively unsupported and are low pressure system. The perforating veins only allow blood to flow from superficial to deep veins. .

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