Sandbox:Usman Shah

Covid-19 Associated ARDS

Historical Perspective

• On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was formally notified about a cluster of cases of pneumonia in Wuhan City.
• Ten days later, WHO was aware of 282 confirmed cases, of which four were in Japan, South Korea and Thailand
• The virus responsible was isolated on 7 January and its genome shared on 12 January.The cause of the severe acute respiratory syndrome that became known as COVID‐19 was a novel coronavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2
• ARDS is one of the most important causes of hospital and ICU admission due to COVID.
• Many autopsies studies reported ARDS to be the cause of death in patients dying due to respiratory complications of COVID.

• As of July 19 2020 the number of total cases worldwide are 14,043,176 including 597,583 deaths, reported to WHO.

Classification

• According to the Berlin definition, ARDS is divided into three stages based on oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) on positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ≥ 5 cmH2O: mild (200 mmHg < PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mmHg), moderate (100 mmHg < PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 200 mmHg), and severe (PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 100 mmHg).
  

Covid19 healthcare worker. [1]

Classification of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) and Related Disorders

Criteria	Symptomatic WM	Asymptomatic WM	IgM-Related Disorders	MGUS
IgM monoclonal protein	+	+	+	+
Bone marrow infiltration	+	+	-	-
Symptoms attributable to IgM	+	-	+	-
Symptoms attributable to tumor infiltration	+	-	-	-

Infra-Hisian Block Microchapters
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Differentiating Infra-Hisian Block from other Diseases