Cystitis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2], Usama Talib, BSc, MD [3]
Overview
Urinary tract infections are found more frequently in women than in men. It is estimated that more than 30% of women will experience at least one episode of cystitis. Of these 30%, 20% women will have recurrent cystitis. The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of uncomplicated cystitis is approximately zero. Females are more commonly affected with cystitis than males. The female to male ratio is 4 to 1. Acute uncomplicated cystitis commonly affects women ages 18-39 years. There is no racial predilection to cystitis. Cystitis is a common disease that affect everyone, mostly women, worldwide.
Epidemiology
Incidence
- It is estimated that one third of the women population has at least one episode of cystitis in their lifetime. Of these many will have recurrent cystitis.
- 81% of the total UTIs in the world occur in women.
- 27% of women with an episode of UTI have another episode within the next 6 months while 48% within the next 12 months.[1][2]
- More than 7 million uncomplicated UTIs occur in the US per year.[3]
- Sexually active women are known to have a higher incidence of UTIs than women of other categories.
- The incidence of cystitis in women is 5-7 per year per 100,000 while that in same age men is 50-80 per 100000.[4][5]
- The incidence of UTI is higher in sexually active women than postmenopausal women.[6][7][4]
- There is a higher incidence of urinary tract infection in immunocompromised, elderly, diabetic, and individuals with indwelling catheters.[8][9]
Prevalence
- Almost 30% of the women will experience at least one episode of cystitis during their life span. Of these 30%, 20% of these women will have recurrent cystitis.[1]
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of uncomplicated cystitis is approximately zero.[10]
Age
- Acute uncomplicated cystitis commonly affects women ages 18-39 years.[11][3][12]
- UTIs are less frequent in 2-13 years old girls.
- Urinary tract infections can rarely occur in boys in the first year after birth in the presence of a structural defect or due to lack of circumcision.
Race
- There is no racial predilection to cystitis.
Gender
- Females are more commonly affected with cystitis than males. The female to male ratio is 4 to 1.[13][14]
Region
- Cystitis is a common disease that affect everyone, mostly women, worldwide.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kurowski K (1998). "The woman with dysuria". Am Fam Physician. 57 (9): 2155–64, 2169–70. PMID 9606306.
- ↑ Salvatore S, Salvatore S, Cattoni E, Siesto G, Serati M, Sorice P; et al. (2011). "Urinary tract infections in women". Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 156 (2): 131–6. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.01.028. PMID 21349630.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Stamm WE, Norrby SR (2001). "Urinary tract infections: disease panorama and challenges". J Infect Dis. 183 Suppl 1: S1–4. doi:10.1086/318850. PMID 11171002.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hooton TM, Scholes D, Hughes JP, Winter C, Roberts PL, Stapleton AE; et al. (1996). "A prospective study of risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infection in young women". N Engl J Med. 335 (7): 468–74. doi:10.1056/NEJM199608153350703. PMID 8672152.
- ↑ Krieger JN, Ross SO, Simonsen JM (1993). "Urinary tract infections in healthy university men". J Urol. 149 (5): 1046–8. PMID 8483206.
- ↑ Jackson, Sara L., et al. "Predictors of urinary tract infection after menopause: a prospective study." The American journal of medicine 117.12 (2004): 903-911.
- ↑ Hooton TM (2012). "Clinical practice. Uncomplicated urinary tract infection". N Engl J Med. 366 (11): 1028–37. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1104429. PMID 22417256.
- ↑ Nicolle, Lindsay E., et al. "Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults." Clinical Infectious Diseases (2005): 643-654.
- ↑ Woodford HJ, George J (2011). "Diagnosis and management of urinary infections in older people". Clin Med (Lond). 11 (1): 80–3. PMID 21404794.
- ↑ Molander U, Arvidsson L, Milsom I, Sandberg T (February 2000). "A longitudinal cohort study of elderly women with urinary tract infections". Maturitas. 34 (2): 127–31. PMID 10714907.
- ↑ Hooton TM, Besser R, Foxman B, Fritsche TR, Nicolle LE (2004). "Acute uncomplicated cystitis in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance: a proposed approach to empirical therapy". Clin Infect Dis. 39 (1): 75–80. doi:10.1086/422145. PMID 15206056.
- ↑ Bhat RG, Katy TA, Place FC (2011). "Pediatric urinary tract infections". Emerg Med Clin North Am. 29 (3): 637–53. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2011.04.004. PMID 21782079.
- ↑ Colgan R, Williams M (2011). "Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis". Am Fam Physician. 84 (7): 771–6. PMID 22010614.
- ↑ Geerlings SE (2016). "Clinical Presentations and Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infections". Microbiol Spectr. 4 (5). doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.UTI-0002-2012. PMID 27780014.