Renal agenesis physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD[2]
Overview
Physical Examination
URA have an increased incidence of proteinuria, hypertension, and renal insufficiency. Therefore, patients, even those with normal solidary kidney, should be followed up with:[1][2]
- Blood pressure
- Check for hypertension
- Urinalysis
- Proteinuria
- Hematuria
- Renal insufficiency
- Hyperuricemia
URA may be isolated or associated with other anomalies and malformations. Therefore, screening and checking for other contralateral congenital anomaly of kidney or urinary tract (CAKUT) and extra-renal anomalies should be considered when URA is diagnosed. The following may be important to consider in the physical exam of URA:[3][4]
- Urinary tract
- Associated CAKUT
- VUR
- PUJO
- PUV
- Duplex kidney
- Ureterocele
- Megaureter
- Associated CAKUT
- Urinary tract infection
- Associated extra-renal anomalies
- Skull
- Spine
- Skeleton
- Face
- Thorax
- Heart
- Lung
- Genital tract
- Female tract anomalies
References
- ↑ Argueso LR, Ritchey ML, Boyle ET, Milliner DS, Bergstralh EJ, Kramer SA (1992). "Prognosis of patients with unilateral renal agenesis". Pediatr Nephrol. 6 (5): 412–6. doi:10.1007/BF00873996. PMID 1457321.
- ↑ Xu Q, Wu H, Zhou L, Xie J, Zhang W, Yu H; et al. (2019). "The clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with unilateral renal agenesis". Clin Exp Nephrol. 23 (6): 792–798. doi:10.1007/s10157-019-01704-x. PMID 30734167.
- ↑ Laurichesse Delmas H, Kohler M, Doray B, Lémery D, Francannet C, Quistrebert J; et al. (2017). "Congenital unilateral renal agenesis: Prevalence, prenatal diagnosis, associated anomalies. Data from two birth-defect registries". Birth Defects Res. 109 (15): 1204–1211. doi:10.1002/bdr2.1065. PMID 28722320.
- ↑ Westland R, Schreuder MF, Ket JC, van Wijk JA (2013). "Unilateral renal agenesis: a systematic review on associated anomalies and renal injury". Nephrol Dial Transplant. 28 (7): 1844–55. doi:10.1093/ndt/gft012. PMID 23449343.