Dysphagia resident survival guide

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

This section provides a short and straight to the point overview of the disease or symptom. The first sentence of the overview must contain the name of the disease.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

• Life threatening cause 1
• Life threatening cause 2
• Life threatening cause 3

Common Causes

Depending upon the type of dysphagia, the causes can be categorized into two subsections:

Common Causes of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia

Common causes of oropharyngeal dysphagia
Neuromuscular disorders	Mechanical and obstructive causes	Medication side effects	Others
Stroke Parkinson's disease Brain stem tumors Cranial nerve palsy or Bulbar palsy Multiple sclerosis Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Myasthenia gravis Poliomyelitis Myotonic dystrophy Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy Polymyositis and dermatomyositis	Zenker's diverticulum Cricopharyngeal bar Cervical osteophytes Thyromegaly Lymphadenopathy Cervical rings or cervical webs Strictures Oropharyngeal tumors Head and neck tumors Surgical and/or radiotherapeutic interventions on head and neck tumors Retropharyngeal abscess	Medications that reduce salivary flow: Anticholinergics Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors Alpha blockers Angiotensin II receptor blockers Antihistamines Antiarrhythmics Antipsychotics Mexiletine Opiates Diuretics Ipratropium bromide	Pharyngitis Dental disease Mucositis (Oral candidiasis, herpetic lesions, Cytomegalovirus) Diphtheria Tetanus Botulism Lead poisoning Rabies

Diagnosis

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Treatment

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Do's

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Don'ts

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References

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