Anemia of prematurity natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Asra Firdous, M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Common complications of anemia of prematurity include poor growth, apnea, and cardiovascular instability. The prognosis of anemia of prematurity is good with treatment
Natural History
All newborns develop anemia during the first few weeks of life. Term infants tolerate it well and do not require any therapy. As they grow, anemia usually resolves spontaneously without any complications. In preterm infants, anemia gets worsened due to other illness related to prematurity. Premature infants develop abnormal clinical signs and symptoms and require treatment. Anemia of prematurity resolves with blood transfusion and erythropoietin. Without treatment, the patient will develop symptoms of cardiovascular instability. [1][2]
Complications
Complications that can develop as a result of anemia of prematurity are
Complications that can develop as a result of the treatment of anemia of prematurity are
- Infections
- Allergic reactions
- Iron overload
- Fluid overload
- Elctrolyte imbalance
- Calcium disturbance
- Immune mediated adverse reactions like acute hemolytic reaction, febrile non-hemolytic reaction, immunosuppression, graft versus host disease, and transfusion related acute lung injury
- Transfusion of toxic substances present in the blood like lead, mercury, and plasticizers
Prognosis
The prognosis of anemia of prematurity is good with treatment. Without treatment, anemia of prematurity will result in poor growth, apnea, and cardiovascular instability
References
- ↑ "www.cancertherapyadvisor.com".
- ↑ Strauss RG (November 2010). "Anaemia of prematurity: pathophysiology and treatment". Blood Rev. 24 (6): 221–5. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2010.08.001. PMID 20817366.