Heart murmur resident survival guide
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
This section provides a short and straight to the point overview of the disease or symptom. The first sentence of the overview must contain the name of the disease.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
- systolic murmur
- Ejection murmurs
- Functional
- Still's murmur and its adult variant
- Flow murmur emanating from the root of the pulmonary artery
- Murmur associated with high cardiac output states
- Flow murmurs associated with aortic or pulmonary valvular insufficiency
- Organic
- Valvular aortic stenosis
- Aortic sclerosis
- Discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis (web or tunnel)
- Supravalvular aortic stenosis
- Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
- Pulmonary valvular stenosis
- Pulmonary infundibular stenosis
- Atrial septal defect
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Functional
- Regurgitant murmurs
- Functional: none
- Organic:
- Mitral regurgitation:
- Rheumatic
- Papillary muscle dysfunction
- Mitral valve prolapse
- Acute
- Tricuspid regurgitation:
- Chronic
- Acute
- Ventricular septal defect
- Roger's type (small and large)
- Without pulmonary hypertension
- With pulmonary hypertension
- Slitlike
- Roger's type (small and large)
- Mitral regurgitation:
- Extracardiac sounds simulating systolic heart murmurs
- Subclavian (supraclavicular/brachiocephalic) murmur
- Internal mammary soufflé
- Carotid artery bruits
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Murmurs emanating from a dilated aortic or pulmonary artery root
- Patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension
- Ejection murmurs
- diastolic murmur [1]
- Aortic regurgitation
- Pulmonary valve regurgitation
- Mitral rumble
- Obstruction to flow
- Mitral stenosis (rheumatic, congenital)
- Left atrial myxoma
- Cor triatriatum
- Localized pericardial constriction
- Increased flow
- Mitral regurgitation
- Ventricular septal defect
- Patent ductus arteriousus
- Complete heart block
- Obstruction to flow
- Tricuspid rumble
- Obstruction to flow
- Tricuspid stenosis (rheumatic, Ebstein's anomoly, carinoid)
- Right atrial myxoma
- Localized pericardial constriction
- Increased flow
- Atrial septal defect
- Tricuspid regurgitation
- Obstruction to flow
- continuous murmur [2]
- THORACIC:
- Precordial
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Coronary arteriovenous fistulas
- Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm ruptured into right cavities
- Atrial septal defect associated with abnormalities that cause increased pressure in the left atrium
- Left coronary artery origin from pulmonary artery anomaly
- Continuous murmur at intern mammary artery
- Extra Precordial
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Pulmonary atresia
- Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula
- Truncus arteriosus
- Anomalies of origin of the pulmonary artery
- Precordial
- EXTRATHORACIC:
- Venous hum
- Cruveilhier-Baumgarten sindrom
- Sever arterial stenosis
- Extrathoracic arteriovenos fistulas
- THORACIC:
Diagnosis
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Do's
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
Don'ts
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
References
- ↑ Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW (1990). "Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations". PMID 21250187.
- ↑ Ginghină C, Năstase OA, Ghiorghiu I, Egher L (2012). "Continuous murmur--the auscultatory expression of a variety of pathological conditions". J Med Life. 5 (1): 39–46. PMC 3307079. PMID 22574086.