Constipation resident survival guide (pediatrics)
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
| Constipation resident survival guide (pediatrics) Microchapters |
|---|
| Overview |
| Causes |
| FIRE |
| Diagnosis |
| Treatment |
| Do's |
| Don'ts |
Overview
Constipation occurs when waste or stool moves too slowly through the digestive tract, causing the stool to become hard and dry.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
- Atropine poisoning
- Hypokalemia
- Lead poisoning
- Opium poisoning
- Severe dehydration
- Spinal cord injury
- Superior mesenteric artery occlusion
Common Causes
the most factors can contribute to constipation in children, including:
- Ignoring .
A child may ignore the urge to have a bowel movement because he or she is afraid of the toilet or doesn't want to take a break from play. Some children withhold when they're away from home because they're uncomfortable using public toilets.
- Painful bowel movements caused by large, hard stools also may lead to withholding. If it hurts to poop, your child may try to avoid a repeat of the distressing experience.
The begin toilet training too soon, a child may rebel and hold in stool. If toilet training becomes a battle of wills, a voluntary decision to ignore the urge to poop can quickly become an involuntary habit that's tough to change.
- Diet.
Not enough fiber-rich fruits and vegetables or fluid in a child's diet may cause constipation. One of the more common times for children to become constipated is when they're switching from an all-liquid diet to one that includes solid foods.
Any changes in routine — such as travel, hot weather or stress — can affect bowel function. Children are also more likely to experience constipation when they first start school outside of the home.
Certain antidepressants and various other drugs can contribute to constipation.
An allergy to cow's milk or consuming too many dairy products (cheese and cow's milk) sometimes leads to constipation.
Children who have family members who have experienced constipation are more likely to develop constipation. This may be due to shared genetic or environmental factors.
Rarely, constipation in children indicates an anatomic malformation, a metabolic or digestive system problem, or another underlying condition.
irritable bowel syndrome
Hirschsprung’s disease
hypothyroidism
cystic fibrosis
FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation
The most common kind is primary and not life-threatening.
Complete Diagnostic Approach
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Do's
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
Don'ts
- The content in this section is in bullet points.