Urinary tract infection resident survival guide (pediatrics)
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rana aljebzi, M.D.[2]
Synonyms and keywords: Urinary tract infection in kids, UTI in kids, UTI in pediatrics, pedicatrics urinary tract infection
| Urinary tract infection resident survival guide (pediatrics) Microchapters |
|---|
| Overview |
| Causes |
| FIRE |
| Diagnosis |
| Treatment |
| Do's |
| Don'ts |
Overview
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in kids. it occurs when bacteria (germs) get into the bladder(lower tract infection) or kidneys(upper tract).abdominal pain and loin tenderness, with systemic features fever, anorexia, vomiting, lethargy and malaise is the signs of upper tract infection while lower abdominal or suprapubic pain, dysuria, urinary frequency and urgency is lower tract infections signs.in younger children the typical signs are not clear and it is difficult to differentiation between upper and lower tract infection, Up to 8% of girls and 2% of boys will get a UTI by age 5 Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important to reduce the morbidity associated with this condition,usually With the right treatment, your child should start to feel better in just a few days.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Urinary tract infections has two basic types,bladder infection and kidney infection. if the infection is in the bladder it is called cystitis and it causes pain and swelling in bladder, while if the infection traveled up to the kidneys in this condition ,it is called pyelonephritis and it is serious and it might harm the kidneys.
Common Causes
infection
- E.coli ,is the most common cause of UTI in children of all age.
- Klebsiella, is the second common cause.
- Proteus
- Enterobacter and Enterococcus
- Citrobacter
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- Candida albicans.
Mechanical
- vesicoureteral reflux , is the most common predisposing factor in recurrent UTI.
- urinary obstruction.
FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation
UTI should be considered in any infant or child presenting with fever without an identifiable source of infection.because it can be associated with acute mortality (i.e. urosepsis) and/or chronic medical problems like renal scarring, hypertension, and chronic renal insufficiencyurinalysis and urine culture should be done. in recurrent UTI renal and bladder ultrasound is recommended.
Complete Diagnostic Approach
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
| UTI in child | |||||||||||||||||
| Urin analysis | |||||||||||||||||
| first time UTI | recurrent episodes UTI | ||||||||||||||||
Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Do's
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
Don'ts
- The content in this section is in bullet points.