| TYPE
|
CAUSE
|
PROGRESSION
|
EPIDEMIOLOGY
|
IMAGING FEATURES
|
ASSOCIATED FACTORS
|
SYMPTOMS
|
| Acute cerebellitis
|
|
|
More common in children and young adults
|
- Normal or abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at onset
|
- Epstein-Barr virus, influenza A and B, mumps, varicella-zoster virus, coxsackie virus, rotavirus, echovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and immunization
|
|
| Bacterial infection
|
|
|
|
|
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes
|
|
| Acquired immunodeficiency syndromes
|
|
|
|
|
- Related to M. pneumonia, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, and toxoplasmosis
|
|
| Chronic alcohol use/Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration
|
- Toxic effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems
- Direct toxic alcoholic effect on the Purkinje cells
|
Rapid progression (weeks or months)
|
|
|
|
- Severe ataxia of gait and lower limbs with relatively mild involvement of the upper limbs.
- Speech and ocular motility are usually preserved
|
| Antibiotic-induced acute ataxia
|
- Interaction of polymyxins with neurons has been associated with the occurrence of several neurotoxic events
|
Weeks after initiation
|
|
- Brain MRI abnormalities
- Characteristic reversible MRI signal abnormalities in the cerebellar dentate nuclei, dorsal brainstem, or splenium of the corpus callosum
- Non-specific EEG abnormalities
|
|
- Ataxia may also occur in isolation or combined with dizziness, generalized muscle weakness, partial deafness, visual disturbances, vertigo, confusion, hallucinations, seizures, and neuromuscular blockade
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Para-neoplastic syndrome
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Vitamin deficiency
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chronic infections
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Neurodegenerative diseases
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Brain tumors
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Stroke
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Vestibular neuritis
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sjögren syndrome
|
|
|
|
|
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|
