Traumatic brain injury epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Joanna Ekabua, M.D. [2]
Overview
The incidence of traumatic brain injury varies by age, gender, region and other factors. The age groups most at risk for TBI are children ages five to nine and adults over age 80. There is no racial predilection to traumatic brain injury. Men are more commonly affected by traumatic brain injury than women with a ratio of 2:1.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
The incidence of traumatic brain injury varies by age, gender, region and other factors.[1] For example, the yearly incidence in the U.S. is estimated to be about 180 to 250 per 100,000 people, but the incidence is thought to be higher in Europe and South Africa.[1]
Age
The age groups most at risk for traumatic brain injury are children ages five to nine and adults over age 80.[2] Children age five and younger are also at high risk for TBI. Men suffer twice as many TBIs as women do and have a four-fold risk of fatal head injury.[2] Males also account for two thirds of childhood and adolescent head trauma patients.[3]
Race
There is no racial predilection to traumatic brain injury.
Gender
Men are more commonly affected by traumatic brain injury than women with a ratio of 2:1.[4]
Region
Each year in the United States:
- About two million people suffer a traumatic brain injury[2]
- About 500,000 people are hospitalized for TBI[1]
- Approximately 270,000 people experience a moderate or severe TBI
- Approximately 60,000 new cases of epilepsy occur as a result of head trauma
- Approximately 50,000 people die from head injury
- Approximately 80,000 of these survivors live with chronic disabilities as a result of the injury.[2]
Developed countries
About sixty-nine million (95% CI 64–74 million) people worldwide sustain a TBI/year. The percentage of TBIs resulting from motor vehicle accident was minimal in North America (25%). The universal incidence of TBI per 100,000 people was significant in North America (1299 cases, 95% CI 650–1947) and Europe (1012 cases, 95% CI 911–1113).[5]
Developing countries
About sixty-nine million (95% CI 64–74 million) people worldwide sustain a TBI/year. The percentage of TBIs resulting from motor vehicle accident was significant in Africa and Southeast Asia (both 56%). The universal incidence of TBI per 100,000 people was minimal in Africa (801 cases, 95% CI 732–871) and the Eastern Mediterranean (897 cases, 95% CI 771–1023).[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 D'Ambrosio R, Perucca E (2004). "Epilepsy After Head Injury". Current Opinion in Neurology. 17 (6): 731–735. PMID 15542983.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Rao V, Lyketsos C (2000). "Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of Traumatic Brain Injury". Psychosomatics. 41 (2): 95–103. PMID 10749946.
- ↑
Necajauskaite, O (2005). "The prevalence, course and clinical features of post-concussion syndrome in children" (PDF). Medicina (Kaunas). 41 (6): 457–464. PMID 15998982. Retrieved 2008-02-29. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help) - ↑ "StatPearls". 2020. PMID 29083790.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Dewan MC, Rattani A, Gupta S, Baticulon RE, Hung YC, Punchak M; et al. (2018). "Estimating the global incidence of traumatic brain injury". J Neurosurg: 1–18. doi:10.3171/2017.10.JNS17352. PMID 29701556.