Dyspareunia pathophysiology
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Overview
The pathophysiology of dyspareunia can be described based on the underlying cause. For example, estrogen deficiency causes atrophic vaginitis or ectopic uterine tissues in endometriosis causes dyspareunia. Physocholoigacal problems can cause dyspareunia.
Pathophysiology
Vaginismus: This is the result of a conditioned reflex of the pubococcygeus muscle, which is sometimes referred to as the 'PC muscle'. The reflex causes the muscles in the vagina to tense suddenly, which makes any kind of vaginal penetration -- including sexual penetration -- either painful or impossible.
Endometriosis:The exact pathogenesis of endometriosis is not clear; several theories have been set forth. The Sampson theory of retrograde menstruation, the coelomic metaplasia theory, and the lymphatic and vascular dissemination theory explain the implantation and invasion of the endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Immunologic factors and genetic factors are also thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
Vulvodynia: A wide variety of possible causes and treatments for vulvodynia are currently being explored. Some possible causes include: allergy or other sensitivity to chemicals or organisms normally found in the environment, autoimmune disorder similar to lupus erythematosus, chronic tension or spasm of the muscles of the vulvar area, infection, injury, chemical sensitivity and neuropathy. Some cases seem to be negative outcomes of genital surgery, such as a labiectomy.
pathophysiology of Isolated painful ejaculation depends on the underlying cause such as Urethritis, Prostatitis, Epididymitis, Orchitis, Abdominal abscess, Penile prosthesis, Bladder cancer, Intra-abdominal tumors, Prostate cancer, Vesical calculi, Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Urethral stricture, Pelvic musculature spasm, Radical prostatectomy, Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP),Vasectomy, Frenulum breve