Conjunctivitis resident survival guide (pediatrics)
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Synonyms and keywords:
| Conjunctivitis resident survival guide (pediatrics) Microchapters |
|---|
| Overview |
| Causes |
| FIRE |
| Diagnosis |
| Treatment |
| Do's |
| Don'ts |
Overview
Conjunctivitis is a commonly encountered disorder in children and adults in both primary care and specialty eye care settings. The predominant causes of infectious conjunctivitis are viral and bacterial pathogens. Infectious conjunctivitis typically presents as a red eye with purulent or watery discharge and is usually self-limiting, but in rare cases can lead to complications such as keratitis and blindness. Conjunctivitis can occur in a newborn during the first month of life which is known as neonatal conjunctivitis or ophthalmia neonatorum with clinical signs of erythema and oedema of the eyelids and the palpebral conjunctivae, purulent eye discharge. The major causes of ophthalmia neonatorum are chemical inflammation, bacterial infection and viral infection.
Causes
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Life Threatening Causes
Most cases of neonatal conjunctivitis are relatively mild, self-limited and will not cause eye damage of any sort. However, if it left untreated it can lead to sight-treathening or even systemic complications.[1]
- Neisseria gonorrhoea
- Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of neonatal conjunctivitis
Common Causes
Conjunctivitis in children
Life Threatening Causes
Most cases of conjunctivitis in children are relatively mild and self-limited, although untreated bacterial conjunctivitis may be associated with complications such as:[2]
Common causes
- Bacterial conjunctivitis
- Haemophilus influenzae is the most common cause
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation
Complete Diagnostic Approach
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Do's
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
Don'ts
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
References
- ↑ Mallika P, Asok T, Faisal H, Aziz S, Tan A, Intan G (2008). "Neonatal conjunctivitis - a review". Malays Fam Physician. 3 (2): 77–81. PMC 4170304. PMID 25606121.
- ↑ Chawla R, Kellner JD, Astle WF (2001). "Acute infectious conjunctivitis in childhood". Paediatr Child Health. 6 (6): 329–35. doi:10.1093/pch/6.6.329. PMC 2804756. PMID 20084257.