Vertigo classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Vertigo is typically classified into one of two categories depending on the location of the damaged vestibular pathway. These are peripheral or central vertigo. Each category has a distinct set of characteristics and associated findings. Vertigo can also occur after long flights or boat journeys where the mind gets used to turbulence, resulting in a person feeling as if they are moving up and down. This usually subsides after a few days.
Classification
| Classification of Vertigo[1][2][3] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Based on Location of Dysfunction | Time Course/Duration | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Peripheral | Central | Lasting a Day or Longer | Lasting Minutes to Hours | Lasting Seconds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lesion in inner ear or vestibulocochlear nerve | Lesion in brainstem or cerebellum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Meniere’s disease Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo Acute labyrinthitis Acute vestibular neuronitis Cholesteatoma Otosclerosis Perilymphatic fistula Acoustic Neuroma | Brainstem Stroke Vestibular Migraine Multiple Sclerosis Cerebellar ischemia or hemorrhage Cerebellar tumors lateral medullary syndrome Chiari malformation | Vestibular neuronitis Vertebrobasilar ischemia with labyrinth infarct Brain-stem stroke Inferior cerebellar infarct/bleed | Meniere’s disease Vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attack (TIA) Migraine Headache Perilymph fistula | Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification of Vertigo[1][2][3] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Based on Location of Dysfunction | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Peripheral Accounts for over 90% of all causes of vertigo | Central | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lesion in inner ear or vestibulocochlear nerve | Lesion in brainstem or cerebellum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Meniere’s disease Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo Acute labyrinthitis Acute vestibular neuronitis Cholesteatoma Otosclerosis Perilymphatic fistula Acoustic Neuroma | Brainstem Stroke Vestibular Migraine Multiple Sclerosis Cerebellar ischemia or hemorrhage Cerebellar tumors lateral medullary syndrome Chiari malformation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dieterich, Marianne (2007). "Central vestibular disorders". Journal of Neurology. 254 (5): 559–568. doi:10.1007/s00415-006-0340-7. ISSN 0340-5354.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Karatas, Mehmet (2008). "Central Vertigo and Dizziness". The Neurologist. 14 (6): 355–364. doi:10.1097/NRL.0b013e31817533a3. ISSN 1074-7931.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Guerraz, M. (2001). "Visual vertigo: symptom assessment, spatial orientation and postural control". Brain. 124 (8): 1646–1656. doi:10.1093/brain/124.8.1646. ISSN 1460-2156.