Alopecia epidemiology and demographics
|
Alopecia Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Alopecia epidemiology and demographics On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Alopecia epidemiology and demographics |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Alopecia epidemiology and demographics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD
Overview
The epidemiology and demographics of alopecia varies by age, race, sex, and health status.
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Androgenetic alopecia affects 50% of men and 15% of women, particularly postmenopausal women. [1]
- In alopecia areata, the prevalence is 0.2% and has no age or sexual predilection. However, it affects white races more than dark races.
- In telogen effluvium, women are at higher predisposition than men.
- Tinea capitis has a higher incidence among the pediatric age group and in darker races. [2]
- Anagen effluvium is more common in cancer patients receiving treatment with chemotherapeutic agents.
- Traction alopecia is more commonly seen among black populations with females being affected more often than males (31.7% vs 2.3). Traction alopecia was seen in 18% of girls between the ages of 5.4 to 14.3 years based on a study of African-American girls. An 8-month old girl was the youngest reported case in the study. [3]
- Out of every 20 cases of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, 10–17 cases are due to discoid lupus erythematosus. As in systemic lupus erythematosus in general, women are more often afflicted with the condition than men, and it is usually between the ages of 20 to 4.5
Prevalence
- Alopecia areata has a prevalence of about 1 in 1000 people, and risk of about 2% over an individual's life [4] [5]. Alopecia areata can occur in adults and children and distribution is about equal between the sexes [4]. The mean age for diagnosis of alopecia areata is 32 years in males and 36 years in females based on a study of the population of Olmsted County, Minnesota which was done between 1990 to 2009 [6].
- When using numbers with decimal points, avoid reporting more than 1 number after the decimal point. For example, report a prevalence as 10.1 instead of 10.09322. Many numbers after the decimal point may suggest a false sense of accuracy.
- You can use one or more of these template sentences.
- Worldwide, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
- Worldwide, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
- In developed countries, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
- In developed countries, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
- In developing countries/ Africa, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
- In developing countries/ Africa, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
- In ____ (insert year), the prevalence of _______ (insert disease name) was estimated to be _______ (insert number) cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
Incidence
- The overall incidence of alopecia areata is approximately 20.2 per 100,000 person-years. [5]
- The standard format to report the incidence is ___ per 100,000 individuals.
- When using numbers with decimal points, avoid reporting more than 1 number after the decimal point. For example, report a incidence as 10.1 instead of 10.09322. Many numbers after the decimal point may suggest a false sense of accuracy.
- You can pick one or more of the template sentences below for this section:
- Worldwide, the incidence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average incidence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
- Worldwide, the incidence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
- In developed countries, the incidence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average incidence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
- In developed countries, the incidence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
- In developing countries/ Africa, the incidence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average incidence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
- In developing countries/ Africa, the incidence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
- In ____ (insert year), the incidence of _______ (insert disease name) was estimated to be _______ (insert number) cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
Case Fatality Rate
- The case fatality rate is defined the number of deaths (fatality) among patients with the disease (case). Case fatality rate should be distinguished from "Mortality Rate" (defined as the number of deaths among the at-risk population).
- The case fatality rate is usually described as a function of time (e.g. In 2015 / annually etc...).
- When using numbers with decimal points, avoid reporting more than 1 number after the decimal point. For example, report the case fatality rate as 10.1% instead of 10.09322%. Many numbers after the decimal point may suggest a false sense of accuracy.
- You can pick the template sentence below for this section:
- In ____ (year), the case fatality rate of ____ (disease name) is ____ (case fatality rate in %).
- The annual case fatality rate of ____ (disease name) is approximately ____ (case fatality rate in %).
Age
- This section can describe the impact of the disease depending on the persons age, and the age-specific prevalence and incidence.
- The prevalence of ____ (insert disease state here) increases/decreases with age.
- _____ (insert acute disease) commonly affects _____ (insert age group).
- _____ (insert chronic disease) is usually first diagnosed among _____ (insert age group).
Gender
This section describe how prevalence of the disease varies by gender. When describing male to female ratios with decimal points, avoid reporting more than 1 number after the decimal point. For example, report a ratio as as 1.5 to 1 instead of 1.48294 to 1. Many numbers after the decimal point may suggest a false sense of accuracy. You can use either of the following template sentences:
- ______ (insert gender 1) are more commonly affected with ______ (insert disease name) than _____ (insert gender 2). The _____ (insert gender ratio e.g. male to female) ratio is approximately _____ (insert number > 1) to 1.
- The prevalence and incidence of (insert disease state here) does not vary by gender.
- Men and women are affected equally by (insert disease name here).
- (Insert disease state here) is more prevalent in men women.
- The prevalence of (insert disease state here) among men is ____ per 100,000, while it is _____ per 100,000 among women.
- The incidence of (insert disease state here) among men is ____ per 100,000, while it is _____ per 100,000 among women.
Race
This section describes how the disease differs based upon race. You can use the following template sentence for this section:
- The prevalence of _____ (insert disease) does not vary by race.
- (Insert disease state here) is more prevalent in the ____ (insert race) race and ____ (insert other race) races.
- There is no racial predilection for ____ (insert disease name)
- _____ (insert disease) usually affects individuals of the _____ (insert race) race. _____ (insert other race) individuals are less likely to develop ______ (disease name).
References
- ↑ Rinaldi F, Marzani B, Pinto D, Sorbellini E (2019). "Randomized controlled trial on a PRP-like cosmetic, biomimetic peptides based, for the treatment of alopecia areata". J Dermatolog Treat. 30 (6): 588–593. doi:10.1080/09546634.2018.1544405. PMID 30513014.
- ↑ Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Wygonowska E, Budkiewicz M, Placek W (2019) Serum sickness disease in a patient with alopecia areata and Meniere' disease after PRP procedure. Dermatol Ther 32 (2):e12798. DOI:10.1111/dth.12798 PMID: 30511475
- ↑ Aguado Lobo M, Jiménez-Reyes J (2018). "Traction alopecia". Int J Dermatol. 57 (2): 231–232. doi:10.1111/ijd.13846. PMID 29265342.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Strazzulla LC, Wang EHC, Avila L, Lo Sicco K, Brinster N, Christiano AM; et al. (2018). "Alopecia areata: Disease characteristics, clinical evaluation, and new perspectives on pathogenesis". J Am Acad Dermatol. 78 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.04.1141. PMID 29241771.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Safavi KH, Muller SA, Suman VJ, Moshell AN, Melton LJ (1995). "Incidence of alopecia areata in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1975 through 1989". Mayo Clin Proc. 70 (7): 628–33. doi:10.4065/70.7.628. PMID 7791384.
- ↑ Mirzoyev SA, Schrum AG, Davis MDP, Torgerson RR (2014). "Lifetime incidence risk of alopecia areata estimated at 2.1% by Rochester Epidemiology Project, 1990-2009". J Invest Dermatol. 134 (4): 1141–1142. doi:10.1038/jid.2013.464. PMC 3961558. PMID 24202232.