Rash with fever
 |
Resident Survival Guide |
Template:Search infobox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Rash with Fever can occur in patients of all ages. It is a common finding in children as well as adults. In adults, it can occur due to multiple etiologies such as allergic reactions, Immune disorders, infections, etc.[1] [2]. The infectious agents often trigger rash by mode of a toxin or an immunogenic reaction to the antigens. Infectious agents associated with fever with rash in adults can be viral or bacterial. Some examples of such organisms are the Rubeola virus, Staphylococcus aureus, Borrelia burgdorferi. Among allergic reactions, adverse drugs reactions are the ones most commonly associated with Rash with Fever. The clinical condition of the patient can range from mild flu-like symptoms in Lyme's disease to severe life-threatening situations such as Toxic shock syndrome caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
Causes
Life threatening causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
- Acute meningococcemia by Neisseria Meningitidis
- Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome causes by Staphylococcus aureus
- Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis-Steven Johnson syndrome (TEN-SJS)
- Toxic Shock syndrome caused by Staphylococci or Streptococci
Common causes
- Adult-onset Stills disease
- Drugs reactions
- Infectious Mononucleosis
- Measles/ Rubeola
- Rickettsial infections such as Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- West Nile Fever
Less common causes
- Dengue fever
- Dermatomyositis
- Graft vs Host reaction
- Acute HIV infection
- Parvovirus B19
- Pyoderma gangrenosum
- Sweet Syndrome
- Typhoid fever
Causes by Organ system
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis; Drug eruptions; Steven Johnson syndrome |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | Lymphoma |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | Various viral and bacterial agents eg Zika, Dengue, Roseola, Typhoid, Parvovirus B19, Meningococci, Staphylococci |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | Paraneoplastic syndrome |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | SLE; Adult-Onset Still's disease; Dermatomyositis |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order[3][4]
- Borrelia Burgdorferi
- Drug reactions
- Fifth disease
- Measles
- Meningococcemia
- Parvovirus
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
- Rubella
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Toxic Shock Syndrome
- Varicella
- Viral exanthems
References
- ↑ Muzumdar S, Rothe MJ, Grant-Kels JM (2019). "The rash with maculopapules and fever in adults". Clin Dermatol. 37 (2): 109–118. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.12.004. PMID 30981291.
- ↑ Tabak F, Murtezaoglu A, Tabak O, Ozaras R, Mete B, Kutlubay Z; et al. (2012). "Clinical features and etiology of adult patients with Fever and rash". Ann Dermatol. 24 (4): 420–5. doi:10.5021/ad.2012.24.4.420. PMC 3505772. PMID 23197907.
- ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
- ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X