Metabolic alkalosis historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Marufa Marium, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Historical Perspective
In the beginning era of exploration of acid-base physiology, there are contribution of many scientists from 1880s to modern time. In 1880s Arrhenius defined acid for the first time as a substance which helped in increasing hydrogen ions concentration when dissolving with water. Naunyn combined definitions from Arrhenius and Faraday and came up with ideas of electrolytes determining acid-base physiology.[1] Van Slyke modified the definition of acid by Naunyn in 1920. Bronsted and Lowry defined acid as a substance donating hydrogen ion just after World War One, whereas Lewis suggested acid as acceptor of electron pair. Henderson and Hasselbalch contributed in development of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation linking pH, PCO2, HCO3 concentration in 1908 and 1916 respectively. The role of HCO3 in acid-base physiology first came up in 1950s.[2][3]
Discovery
A group of physicians from Denmark erroneously discovered metabolic alkalosis by using bicarbonate concentration in plasma during the emergence of polio epidemic in 1952.[4]
Outbreaks
- The Polio epidemic triggered the development of glass electrode and detection of pH by Astrup in blood. He worked with Siggard-Anderson to build the foundation od clinical acid-base balance.
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- From 1970 to 1980s Stewart showed detailed integration of clinical acid-base physiology and applied HCO3 centered in clinical settings.
Impact on Cultural History
Famous Cases
- The following are a few famous cases of disease name:
References
- ↑ RELMAN AS (October 1954). "What are acids and bases?". Am J Med. 17 (4): 435–7. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(54)90118-7. PMID 13197407.
- ↑ Severinghaus JW (1993). "Siggaard-Andersen and the "Great Trans-Atlantic Acid-Base Debate"". Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 214: 99–104. PMID 8332859.
- ↑ Siggaard-Andersen O, Fogh-Andersen N (1995). "Base excess or buffer base (strong ion difference) as measure of a non-respiratory acid-base disturbance". Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl. 107: 123–8. doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1995.tb04346.x. PMID 8599264.
- ↑ Story DA (August 2004). "Bench-to-bedside review: a brief history of clinical acid-base". Crit Care. 8 (4): 253–8. doi:10.1186/cc2861. PMC 522833. PMID 15312207.