Menopause ultrasonography
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rahmah Al-Edresi, M.D.[2]
Overview
On pelvic ultrasound, menopause is characterized by a decreasing diameter of the uterus with varying thickness, and a decrease in the volume of the ovaries with either a few follicles or no. On transvaginal ultrasound, menopause findings include normal or small uterus with an endometrial thickness between 5-8 mm. In postmenopausal bleeding cases with endometrial thickness is 4mm or less, they more prone able for endometrial cancer. Ovaries and adnexa are normal or non-visible, some women had small adnexal cysts.
Ultrasound Findings in Menopause
Pelvic ultrasound findings in menopausal women include:
- Anteroposterior diameter of uterus decreased by 22%.
- Hyperechogenic endometrium of varying thickness and without any midline or triple layer appearance.
- Right and left ovarian volumes decreased by 20 and 45% respectively.
- Ovaries do not contain follicles or a few follicles that are measure less than 11 ml.[1][2][3]
Transvaginal ultrasound findings in postmenopausal bleeding women include:
- Transvaginal ultrasound is recommended in postmenopausal bleeding for intitial evaluation of what is the causes of bleeding.The endometrial thickness is measured on a long-axis view of the uterus. An endometrial thickness of less than or equal to 4 mm has a negative predictive value greater than 99% for endometrial carcinoma. The ultrasound may also identify leiomyomas or pathology of the adnexa.
- Endometrial thickness is between 5-8 mm, in postmenopausal women who had uterine bleeding and the endometrium is thin about 4mm or less. they are more prone able for endometrial cancer.[4][5]
- Normal or non-visible ovaries.
- Normal or non-visible adnexa.
- Some women had small adnexal cysts.[6]
Ultrasound Examples of Menopause
References
- ↑ Sokalska A, Valentin L (2008). "Changes in ultrasound morphology of the uterus and ovaries during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause: a 4-year longitudinal study". Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 31 (2): 210–7. doi:10.1002/uog.5241. PMID 18197593.
- ↑ Merz E, Miric-Tesanic D, Bahlmann F, Weber G, Wellek S (1996). "Sonographic size of uterus and ovaries in pre- and postmenopausal women". Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 7 (1): 38–42. doi:10.1046/j.1469-0705.1996.07010038.x. PMID 8932630.
- ↑ Varner RE, Sparks JM, Cameron CD, Roberts LL, Soong SJ (1991). "Transvaginal sonography of the endometrium in postmenopausal women". Obstet Gynecol. 78 (2): 195–9. PMID 2067762.
- ↑ "ACOG Committee Opinion No. 734: The Role of Transvaginal Ultrasonography in Evaluating the Endometrium of Women With Postmenopausal Bleeding". Obstet Gynecol. 131 (5): e124–e129. 2018. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002631. PMID 29683909.
- ↑ Briley M, Lindsell DR (1998). "The role of transvaginal ultrasound in the investigation of women with post-menopausal bleeding". Clin Radiol. 53 (7): 502–5. doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(98)80169-4. PMID 9714389.
- ↑ Sladkevicius P, Valentin L, Marsàl K (1995). "Transvaginal gray-scale and Doppler ultrasound examinations of the uterus and ovaries in healthy postmenopausal women". Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 6 (2): 81–90. doi:10.1046/j.1469-0705.1995.06020081.x. PMID 8535922.