Sinusitis resident survival guide (pediatrics)

Sinusitis resident survival guide (pediatrics) Microchapters
Overview
Causes
FIRE
Diagnosis
Treatment
Do's
Don'ts

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Samah Obaiah, MD [2]

Synonyms and keywords:

Overview

Since inflammation of the sinuses rarely occurs without concurrent inflammation of the nasal mucosa, the term "rhinosinusitis" is preferred to "sinusitis" which is defined as inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Infections in the respiratory tract — most commonly colds — can inflame and thicken in sinus membranes and block mucus drainage. These infections can be viral, bacterial, or fungal. Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is defined as symptomatic inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses lasting less than four weeks. Acute viral rhinosinusitis (AVRS) focuses on symptomatic management as it typically resolves within 7 to 10 days. Acute bacterial sinusitis is a complication of viral upper respiratory infection (URI) or allergic inflammation. Acute sinusitis has been observed that between 6% and 7% of children seeking care for respiratory symptoms have an illness. The most common bacteria that cause acute sinusitis include; Streptococcus pneumonia , Haemophilus influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis.

Causes

Common Causes

Nose injury
Foreign object in the nose
Birth defect with an abnormality of the roof of the mouth (cleft palate)
Problem with stomach acids (gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD)
Cystic fibrosis and immunodeficiency syndromes

Immune problems or antibody deficiencies are risks for chronic sinus conditions

Complete Diagnostic Approach

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Symptoms of acute rhinosinusitis:-

Purulent anterior nasal discharge 
Purulent or discolored posterior nasal discharge 
Nasal congestion or obstruction 
Facial congestion or fullness  
Hyposmia or anosmia  
Fever 
Headache 
Ear pain, pressure, or fullness 
Halitosis 
Dental pain

Fatigue

Sinus X-rays. An X-ray exam of the sinuses may help with the diagnosis.

CT scan of the sinuses.

A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body.
They are more detailed than X-rays.

Cultures from the sinuses.

A swab of discharge from the nose may be taken. The sample is checked for bacteria or other germs.

Treatment

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.

Do's

The content in this section is in bullet points.

Don'ts

The content in this section is in bullet points.

References