Back pain pathophysiology

Back pain Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[2]

Pathophysiology

Physiology

The normal physiology of [name of process] can be understood as follows:

Pathogenesis

• The exact pathogenesis of back pain depends on the underlying cause.
• Back pain can be broadly classified into inflammatory, mechanical, degenerative, oncologic and infectious.

Type of back pain	Pathophysiology
Inflammatory	Inflammation of joints (sacroiliitis), inflammation of enthesis (spondyloarthritis)
Mechanical	Trauma, muscle sprain, extra weight on muscles (pregnancy, heavy lifting),
Oncologic	Lytic lesions in spine, nerve compression due to mass effect, pathologic fracture due to weakened bone
Degenerative	Cartilage degradation and bone remodeling decreases elasticity and causes pain , fractures can also occur due to osteoporosis,
Infectious	Infection involving spine, disc, joints, abscess formation.

Genetics

[Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.

OR

Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include:

• [Gene1]
• [Gene2]
• [Gene3]

OR

The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations such as:

• [Mutation 1]
• [Mutation 2]
• [Mutation 3]

Associated Conditions

Conditions associated with [disease name] include:

• [Condition 1]
• [Condition 2]
• [Condition 3]

Gross Pathology

On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].