Gangrene physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Edzel Lorraine Co, D.M.D., M.D.

Overview

Patients with gangrene may have varying presentations depending on the type of gangrene they have.

Physical Examination

Patients with gangrene may have varying presentations depending on the type of gangrene they have.

Table 1.Physical Examination.
System Findings
General Appearance Patient with gangrene usually appears conscious, coherent, and not in cardiorespiratory distress.
Vital Signs Blood pressure is usually low.
HEENT Head:Head can be normocephalic.
Eyes: Eyes can be normal.
Ears:Ears can be normal.
Nose:Nose can be normal.
Throat: Throat can be normal.
Chest / Lungs Gangrene can lead to sepsis which may manifest with decreased chest expansion, and decreased breath sounds.
Cardiovascular Gangrene can lead to sepsis which may manifest with dynamic precordium, [[[irregular heart rate]], irregular rhythm, and with heart murmurs.
Abdomen Patients usually has no pertinent findings.
Skin / Extremities Patients usually has no pertinent findings.
Dry Gangrene - The affected part is dry, shrunken, and dark black, resembling mummified flesh.


Patient with a peripheral vascular disease that has led to an infarct of several toes.
(Image courtesy of Charlie Goldberg, M.D., UCSD School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA)
Same patient. Normal left foot for comparison.
(Image courtesy of Charlie Goldberg, M.D., UCSD School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA)
Wet Gangrene - The affected part is edematous, soft, putrid, rotten and dark.


Person with diabetes who has severe infection and loss of toes
(Image courtesy of Charlie Goldberg, M.D., UCSD School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA)
Gas Gangrene- Gas gangrene can cause necrosis and gas production.
Skin / Genitalia
Skin / Neurologic

References


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