Gangrene physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Edzel Lorraine Co, D.M.D., M.D.

Overview

Patients with gangrene may have varying presentations depending on the type of gangrene they have.

Physical Examination

Patients with gangrene may have varying presentations depending on the type of gangrene they have. Table 1 provides a summary of typical physical examination of a patient with gangrene.

Table 1. Summary of Physical Examination.

System	Findings
General Appearance	Patient with gangrene usually appears conscious, coherent, and not in cardiorespiratory distress.
Vital Signs	Blood pressure is usually low.
HEENT	Head:Head can be normocephalic.
	Eyes: Eyes can be normal.
	Ears:Ears can be normal.
	Nose:Nose can be normal.
	Throat: Throat can be normal.
Chest / Lungs	Gangrene can lead to sepsis which may manifest with decreased chest expansion, and decreased breath sounds.
Cardiovascular	Gangrene can lead to sepsis which may manifest with dynamic precordium, [[[irregular heart rate]], irregular rhythm, and with heart murmurs.
Abdomen	Patients usually has no pertinent findings.
Skin / Extremities	Patients usually has no pertinent findings.
	Dry Gangrene - The affected part is dry, shrunken, and dark black, resembling mummified flesh. Patient with a peripheral vascular disease that has led to an infarct of several toes. (Image courtesy of Charlie Goldberg, M.D., UCSD School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA) Same patient. Normal left foot for comparison. (Image courtesy of Charlie Goldberg, M.D., UCSD School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA)
	Wet Gangrene - The affected part is edematous, soft, putrid, rotten and dark. Person with diabetes who has severe infection and loss of toes (Image courtesy of Charlie Goldberg, M.D., UCSD School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA)
	Gas Gangrene- Gas gangrene can cause necrosis and gas production.
Skin / Genitalia
Skin / Neurologic

References

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