Cardiac tumors epidemiology and demographics
|
Cardiac tumors Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Cardiac tumors epidemiology and demographics On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cardiac tumors epidemiology and demographics |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Cardiac tumors epidemiology and demographics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- Prevalence in autopsy series: 1/300 to 1/5900
- 80% of primary tumors are benign:
- 1/2 (40%) are myxomas
- 1/2 (40% ) are of other types
Benign Tumors of the Heart
- The most common primary tumor of the heart is the myxoma.
- Makes up as much as 77% of all primary tumors of the heart.[1] Other benign tumors of the heart include rhabdomyomas, fibromas, hemangiomas, lipomas, paragangliomas, myocytic hamartomas, and papillary fibroelastomas[2].
Primary Malignant Tumors of the Heart
About 20 percent of primary tumors of the heart are malignant in nature.[1]
- Malignant tumors of the heart include rhabdomyosarcomas, angiosarcomas, myxosarcomas, fibrosarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, reticulum cell sarcomas, and liposarcomas.
- The cardiac sarcomas may occur at any age, but are more commonly seen in individuals in their 20s to 40s.
- They occur equally in males and females.
Tumors of the Valve
A subset of the primary tumors of the heart are tumors that are found on the valves of the heart.
- Tumors that affect the valves of the heart are found in an equal distribution among the four heart valves.[2] The vast majority of these are papillary fibroelastomas.
- Primary tumors of the valves of the heart are more likely to occur in males.
- The primary tumors of the valves of the heart are mainly benign.
- The symptoms related to the valve, include neurologic symptoms and (in a few cases) sudden cardiac death.
Secondary (Metastatic) Malignant Tumors of the Heart
- 20 to 40x more common than primary cardiac tumors
- Typically carcinomas, melanomas, and leukemias/lymphomas
- Discrete tumors found in 10 to 12% of all autopsies
- Any involvement of heart by a malignancy found in 20% of all autopsies
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Molina JE, Edwards JE, Ward HB (1990). "Primary cardiac tumors: Experience at the University of Minnesota". Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 38 Suppl 2: 183–91. PMID 2237900.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Edwards FH, Hale D, Cohen A, Thompson L, Pezzella AT, Virmani R. (1991). "Primary cardiac valve tumors". Ann Thorac Surg. 52 (5): 1127–31. PMID 1953134.