Monkeypox pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:
Overview
Pathophysiology
Transmission
Monkeypox can be transmitted by[1]
- Direct contact with body fluids or sores on the body of someone who has monkeypox
- Direct contact with contaminated materials such as clothing or linens
- Respiratory secretions when people have close, face-to-face contact
Genetics
- Monkeypox virus is a member of orthopoxvirus genus, which is a subdivision of Chordopoxvirinae that belongs to family Poxviridae.
- It is a linear double-stranded DNA virus that multiplies in the cytoplasm of infected cell.
- All the proteins required for viral DNA replication, transcription, virion assembly, and egress are encoded by the MPXV genome.
- The genes encoding for housekeeping functions are present in the central region of the genome, and the genes encoding the virus–host interactions are located in the termini region.
- The nucleotide sequence within the central region of the monkeypox virus genome is 96.3% identical with that of smallpox virus. Nonetheless, monkeypox virus is not the direct ancestor of smallpox virus and is unlikely to naturally acquire all properties of smallpox virus.