Monkeypox pathophysiology
|
Monkeypox Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Monkeypox pathophysiology On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Monkeypox pathophysiology |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Monkeypox pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:
Overview
Pathophysiology
Transmission
Animal-to-animal, animal-to-human, and human-to-human are all possible routes to transmit the disease. Monkeypox can be transmitted by[1]
- Direct contact with body fluids or sores on the body of someone who has monkeypox
- Direct contact with contaminated materials such as clothing or linens
- Respiratory secretions when people have close, face-to-face contact
Although most cases in 2022 were identified among men who have men with men, transmission of monkeypox via vaginal fluids or semen is still being investigated[2].
Genetics
- Monkeypox virus is a member of orthopoxvirus genus, which is a subdivision of Chordopoxvirinae that belongs to family Poxviridae[3].
- It is a linear double-stranded DNA virus that multiplies in the cytoplasm of infected cell[4].
- All the proteins required for viral DNA replication, transcription, virion assembly, and egress are encoded by the MPXV genome.
- The genes encoding for housekeeping functions are present in the central region of the genome, and the genes encoding the virus–host interactions are located in the termini region[5].
- The nucleotide sequence within the central region of the monkeypox virus genome is 96.3% identical with that of smallpox virus. Nonetheless, monkeypox virus is not the direct ancestor of smallpox virus and is unlikely to naturally acquire all properties of smallpox virus[6].
References
- ↑ "CDC Monkeypox Response: Transmission | CDC Online Newsroom | CDC".
- ↑ "U.S. Monkeypox Outbreak 2022: Situation Summary | Monkeypox | Poxvirus | CDC".
- ↑ "ICTV".
- ↑ Holland J, Domingo E (1998). "Origin and evolution of viruses". Virus Genes. 16 (1): 13–21. doi:10.1023/a:1007989407305. PMID 9562888.
- ↑ Alakunle E, Moens U, Nchinda G, Okeke MI (2020). "Monkeypox Virus in Nigeria: Infection Biology, Epidemiology, and Evolution". Viruses. 12 (11). doi:10.3390/v12111257. PMC 7694534 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 33167496 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Shchelkunov SN, Totmenin AV, Babkin IV, Safronov PF, Ryazankina OI, Petrov NA; et al. (2001). "Human monkeypox and smallpox viruses: genomic comparison". FEBS Lett. 509 (1): 66–70. doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(01)03144-1. PMID 11734207.