Monkeypox causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:
Overview
Monkeypox virus double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to family Poxviridae[1][2]. It has two genetic clades: the west African clade and the central African (Congo Basin) clade[3].
Animal-to-animal, animal-to-human, and human-to-human are all possible routes to transmit the disease. Monkeypox can be transmitted by direct contact with bodily fluids or sores of infected person or animal or contaminated materials such as clothing or linens. It can also be transmitted via respiratory secretions.[4]
Causes
Monkeypox virus is a member of orthopoxvirus genus, which is a subdivision of Chordopoxvirinae that belongs to family Poxviridae[1]. It is a linear double-stranded DNA virus that multiplies in the cytoplasm of infected cell[2]. The virus has two genetic clades: the west African clade and the central African (Congo Basin) clade[3].
Animal-to-human: The virus can be acquired through daily exposure to an infected animal or complex exposure to an infected animal e.g. invasive bite or scratch that breaks the skin). Also through direct contact with lesions or bodily fluids of an infected animal.
Human-to-human: The virus can be acquired through close physical contact with infected person, direct contact with lesions, bodily fluids, or respiratory secretions of an infected person, or direct contact with contaminated materials. [4]
- Direct contact with body fluids or sores on the body of someone who has monkeypox
- Direct contact with contaminated materials such as clothing or linens
- Respiratory secretions when people have close, face-to-face contact
Although most cases in 2022 were identified among men who have men with men, there is to date no evidence to support that monkeypox virus can be transmitted via vaginal fluids or semen[5].
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "ICTV".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Holland J, Domingo E (1998). "Origin and evolution of viruses". Virus Genes. 16 (1): 13–21. doi:10.1023/a:1007989407305. PMID 9562888.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Likos AM, Sammons SA, Olson VA, Frace AM, Li Y, Olsen-Rasmussen M; et al. (2005). "A tale of two clades: monkeypox viruses". J Gen Virol. 86 (Pt 10): 2661–2672. doi:10.1099/vir.0.81215-0. PMID 16186219.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "CDC Monkeypox Response: Transmission | CDC Online Newsroom | CDC".
- ↑ "U.S. Monkeypox Outbreak 2022: Situation Summary | Monkeypox | Poxvirus | CDC".