Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis MRI
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Key MRI Findings for Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis
In fifty percent of instances, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain is unremarkable. MRI scans may show non-specific abnormalities, with temporal lobe involvement being one of the most commonly reported findings. These findings are not specific to anti-NMDA encephalitis and can also be seen in other conditions.
T2-Weighted and Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) Sequences: In the remaining 50%, MR Imaging may demonstrate nonspecific T2 or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal hyperintensity in the hippocampus; cerebellar, frontobasal, or insular cortex; basal ganglia; brainstem; and, rarely, the spinal cord.
The presence of bilateral medial temporal lobe hyperintensities, in particular, has been reported in some cases.
Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is notoriously difficult to diagnose based only on neuroimaging characteristics, as there are no discernible patterns of brain involvement
Examples of MRI Findings for Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis
References
- ↑ Dalmau J, Gleichman AJ, Hughes EG, Rossi JE, Peng X, Lai M; et al. (2008). "Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies". Lancet Neurol. 7 (12): 1091–8. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70224-2. PMC 2607118. PMID 18851928.