Sudden cardiac death (patient information)
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Edzel Lorraine Co, D.M.D., M.D.
Overview
- Sudden cardiac death arises when the heart suddenly stops and not given prompt treatment. This happens because a problem occurs with the electrical system of the heart.
What are the symptoms of sudden cardiac death?
- Patients with sudden cardiac death can experience:
What causes sudden cardiac death?
Some medical problems that could cause sudden cardiac death include:
- Thickening of the heart muscles
- Electrical conduction problem of the heart
- Lung problems
- Illegal use of drugs such as cocaine, methamphetamine, or heroin
- Electrolyte problems
Who is at highest risk?
- Patients with ongoing heart problems are at high risk of experiencing sudden cardiac death.
- This include:
Diagnosis
- Cardiac monitoring must be done to patients who arrive in emergency department for evaluation of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA0. Full cardiac assessment is carried out to patients who survive SCA and these tests include:
- Right after a sudden death, autopsy and genetic testing] are done to determine the cause of death.
- For a more specific diagnosis, further workup such as toxicology screen, chemistry and microbiology workup are done [2] [3].
When to seek urgent medical care?
Treatment options
- The main goal in treatment is to prevent sudden cardiac death (SCD. Options include the use of medications, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), and catheter ablation [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
Prevention
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Possible complications
Sources
- ↑ Katritsis DG, Gersh BJ, Camm AJ (2016). "A Clinical Perspective on Sudden Cardiac Death". Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev. 5 (3): 177–182. doi:10.15420/aer.2016:11:2. PMC 5248660. PMID 28116082.
- ↑ Bagnall RD, Weintraub RG, Ingles J, Duflou J, Yeates L, Lam L; et al. (2016). "A Prospective Study of Sudden Cardiac Death among Children and Young Adults". N Engl J Med. 374 (25): 2441–52. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1510687. PMID 27332903.
- ↑ Basso C, Aguilera B, Banner J, Cohle S, d'Amati G, de Gouveia RH; et al. (2017). "Guidelines for autopsy investigation of sudden cardiac death: 2017 update from the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology". Virchows Arch. 471 (6): 691–705. doi:10.1007/s00428-017-2221-0. PMC 5711979. PMID 28889247.
- ↑ Mazzanti A, Maragna R, Faragli A, Monteforte N, Bloise R, Memmi M; et al. (2016). "Gene-Specific Therapy With Mexiletine Reduces Arrhythmic Events in Patients With Long QT Syndrome Type 3". J Am Coll Cardiol. 67 (9): 1053–1058. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.12.033. PMC 4773513. PMID 26940925.
- ↑ Watanabe H, Chopra N, Laver D, Hwang HS, Davies SS, Roach DE; et al. (2009). "Flecainide prevents catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in mice and humans". Nat Med. 15 (4): 380–3. doi:10.1038/nm.1942. PMC 2904954. PMID 19330009.
- ↑ Echt DS, Liebson PR, Mitchell LB, Peters RW, Obias-Manno D, Barker AH; et al. (1991). "Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial". N Engl J Med. 324 (12): 781–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM199103213241201. PMID 1900101.
- ↑ Greene HL, Roden DM, Katz RJ, Woosley RL, Salerno DM, Henthorn RW (1992). "The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial: first CAST ... then CAST-II". J Am Coll Cardiol. 19 (5): 894–8. doi:10.1016/0735-1097(92)90267-q. PMID 1552108.
- ↑ van Welsenes GH, van Rees JB, Borleffs CJ, Cannegieter SC, Bax JJ, van Erven L; et al. (2011). "Long-term follow-up of primary and secondary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients". Europace. 13 (3): 389–94. doi:10.1093/europace/euq494. PMID 21208947.
- ↑ Kuck KH, Schaumann A, Eckardt L, Willems S, Ventura R, Delacrétaz E; et al. (2010). "Catheter ablation of stable ventricular tachycardia before defibrillator implantation in patients with coronary heart disease (VTACH): a multicentre randomised controlled trial". Lancet. 375 (9708): 31–40. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61755-4. PMID 20109864.
- ↑ Schleberger R, Jularic M, Salzbrunn T, Hacke C, Schwarzl JM, Hoffmann BA; et al. (2020). "Outcome of catheter ablation of non-reentrant ventricular arrhythmias in patients with and without structural heart disease". Eur J Med Res. 25 (1): 4. doi:10.1186/s40001-020-0400-y. PMC 7076989 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 32183887 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Higgins JP, Andino A (2013). "Soccer and Sudden Cardiac Death in Young Competitive Athletes: A Review". J Sports Med (Hindawi Publ Corp). 2013: 967183. doi:10.1155/2013/967183. PMC 4590894. PMID 26464886.